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我國知識產權所面臨的問題

2019-01-29 552 來自網絡,MYJ

 近年來,中國知識產權事業取得了長足發展,成就令世界矚目。但仍有一些問題值得探究,亟待研究解決。筆者認為,中國應進一步重視知識產權的經(jing)濟價值,提(ti)升國際經(jing)濟競(jing)爭力。

  中國知識產權(quan)取得的巨大成就

  自2004年以來,中國知識產權在立(li)法、行(xing)政、司法等各個方面都取得了(le)巨大(da)成(cheng)就。

  在知識產權(quan)數量(liang)方面:2017年(nian)發(fa)(fa)明專(zhuan)利(li)(li)申請(qing)量(liang)為(wei)138.2萬(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian),授權(quan)發(fa)(fa)明專(zhuan)利(li)(li)42萬(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)發(fa)(fa)明專(zhuan)利(li)(li)授權(quan)32.7萬(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian)。國(guo)(guo)家(jia)知識產(chan)權(quan)局(ju)共受理PCT國(guo)(guo)際專(zhuan)利(li)(li)申請(qing)5.1萬(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)4.8萬(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian)來自國(guo)(guo)內(nei);2017年(nian)商標(biao)注(zhu)冊申請(qing)量(liang)為(wei)574.8萬(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian),截至2017年(nian)年(nian)底(di),商標(biao)累計(ji)申請(qing)量(liang)2784.2萬(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian),累計(ji)注(zhu)冊量(liang)1730.1萬(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian),有(you)效注(zhu)冊商標(biao)量(liang)1492萬(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian);2017年(nian),著作權(quan)登記(ji)總量(liang)達(da)274.7652萬(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)作品登記(ji)200.1966萬(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian),計(ji)算(suan)機軟件(jian)(jian)著作權(quan)登記(ji)74.5387萬(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian)。

  在知識(shi)產權行政和司(si)法保護方(fang)面:2017年(nian)人(ren)民法院一(yi)審、二審、再審共新收(shou)各類知(zhi)識產權(quan)(quan)(quan)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)23.7242萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),審結22.5678萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),比(bi)2016年(nian)分(fen)別上(shang)升33.5%和31.43%。其中,知(zhi)識產權(quan)(quan)(quan)民事(shi)一(yi)審案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)新收(shou)20.1039萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),審結19.2938萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian);新收(shou)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中,著作權(quan)(quan)(quan)13.7267萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),商標3.7946萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),專利1.601萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),同比(bi)上(shang)升分(fen)別為57.8%, 39.58%, 29.56%;2017年(nian),國(guo)家(jia)知(zhi)識產權(quan)(quan)(quan)局(ju)專利復(fu)審委員會受理復(fu)審請求(qiu)3.4123萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),受理無效宣(xuan)告請求(qiu)4565件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian);“劍網(wang)(wang)2017”專項行動共檢(jian)查(cha)網(wang)(wang)站6.3萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)個(ge),關閉侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)盜版網(wang)(wang)站2554個(ge),刪除侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)盜版連結71萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)條,收(shou)繳侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)盜版制品276萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),立(li)案(an)(an)調查(cha)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)盜版案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)543件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),會同公(gong)安(an)部門(men)查(cha)辦(ban)刑事(shi)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)57件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、涉案(an)(an)金額1.07億元。

  在知識(shi)產權交(jiao)(jiao)易數量方面(mian):2017年全國專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)轉讓19.1606萬(wan)件(jian),其(qi)中發(fa)明(ming)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)10.2195萬(wan)件(jian),實用新型專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)7.3627萬(wan)件(jian),外觀設計專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)1.5784萬(wan)件(jian);技(ji)(ji)術合同(tong)36.7586萬(wan)項(xiang),成(cheng)交(jiao)(jiao)金(jin)(jin)額(e)為1.34萬(wan)億(yi)元(yuan),涉及(ji)各(ge)類知識產權的(de)技(ji)(ji)術合同(tong)15.304萬(wan)項(xiang),成(cheng)交(jiao)(jiao)額(e)為5550.67億(yi)元(yuan),技(ji)(ji)術秘密合同(tong)8.0258萬(wan)項(xiang),成(cheng)交(jiao)(jiao)額(e)為2991.27億(yi)元(yuan)。2017年,專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)質(zhi)押項(xiang)目數4177項(xiang),融資(zi)總額(e)720億(yi)元(yuan);2017年商(shang)標質(zhi)押登記件(jian)數達到(dao)1291件(jian),金(jin)(jin)額(e)達370.22億(yi)元(yuan)。

  從中(zhong)國國內生產總值(GDP)及(ji)進出(chu)口(kou)額來看:2017年GDP為人民幣82.71萬(wan)(wan)(wan)億(yi)(yi)元(yuan),其(qi)中(zhong)第(di)一(yi)產業為6.55萬(wan)(wan)(wan)億(yi)(yi)元(yuan),第(di)二產業為33.46萬(wan)(wan)(wan)億(yi)(yi)元(yuan),第(di)三產業為42.7萬(wan)(wan)(wan)億(yi)(yi)元(yuan);2017年,貨物貿(mao)易(yi)進出(chu)口(kou)總值人民幣27.79萬(wan)(wan)(wan)億(yi)(yi)元(yuan),其(qi)中(zhong),出(chu)口(kou)15.33萬(wan)(wan)(wan)億(yi)(yi)元(yuan),進口(kou)12.46萬(wan)(wan)(wan)億(yi)(yi)元(yuan),貿(mao)易(yi)順差2.87萬(wan)(wan)(wan)億(yi)(yi)元(yuan),其(qi)中(zhong)對美貿(mao)易(yi)順差1.87萬(wan)(wan)(wan)億(yi)(yi)元(yuan);2017年,民營企業進出(chu)口(kou)10.7萬(wan)(wan)(wan)億(yi)(yi)元(yuan),占進出(chu)口(kou)總值的38.5%,其(qi)中(zhong),出(chu)口(kou)7.13萬(wan)(wan)(wan)億(yi)(yi)元(yuan),進口(kou)3.57萬(wan)(wan)(wan)億(yi)(yi)元(yuan)。

  從前述中國知識產權(quan)的(de)申請、訴訟、交易的(de)數量(liang)與金額和中(zhong)國國內生產(chan)(chan)總值(zhi)及進出(chu)口金額所涉及的(de)技(ji)術研發(fa)及產(chan)(chan)業(ye)龐大(da)動(dong)能(neng)來看,中(zhong)國知識產(chan)(chan)權價(jia)值(zhi)面(mian)臨廣(guang)闊發(fa)展(zhan)空間。

  亟(ji)需解(jie)決(jue)和(he)完善的問題(ti)

  “要實現建成知識產權強國的目標(biao),還需要解決好以下(xia)幾個(ge)問題:

  完(wan)善專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)質量(liang)與價(jia)(jia)值評(ping)價(jia)(jia)機(ji)制(zhi)。亟需(xu)建立完(wan)善的專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)質量(liang)與價(jia)(jia)值評(ping)價(jia)(jia)機(ji)制(zhi),并運用大數據(ju)、人工智(zhi)能技術評(ping)價(jia)(jia)國內(nei)外申(shen)請人的中(zhong)國專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)質量(liang)與價(jia)(jia)值等級(ji),同時也評(ping)價(jia)(jia)中(zhong)國在(zai)美、歐、日(ri)所申(shen)請的專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)質量(liang)與價(jia)(jia)值等級(ji),并采取專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業對策,破解專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)數量(liang)上(shang)的難(nan)題并有效(xiao)投入資源(yuan)。

  建(jian)立專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業的專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)全(quan)(quan)生命周(zhou)期(qi)運營(ying)模(mo)式(shi)。亟(ji)需建(jian)立從技術研發、技術揭露、權利(li)保(bao)護到專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)資(zi)產貨(huo)幣(bi)化(hua)等(deng)全(quan)(quan)鏈(lian)條的專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業運營(ying)模(mo)式(shi),以(yi)大數據(ju)為基礎,徹(che)底改變(bian)長(chang)期(qi)以(yi)來的不連(lian)續且(qie)(qie)無數據(ju)支持的專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)申(shen)請、授權、維持、訴訟、質押、作價投資(zi)等(deng)狀態,這樣(yang)即可(ke)推進專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業的專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)布局、資(zi)產組合,而(er)且(qie)(qie)將使專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)脫離“證書(shu)數量”表象,進而(er)全(quan)(quan)面掛鉤技術商品(pin)化(hua)及專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)貨(huo)幣(bi)化(hua)市場運作。

  公開(kai)(kai)透(tou)明專(zhuan)利(li)申(shen)請(qing)及訴(su)訟(song)數據。應當完善專(zhuan)利(li)的申(shen)請(qing)、復審、無效及侵(qin)權訴(su)訟(song)等過程及數據的公開(kai)(kai)透(tou)明機制,加(jia)速開(kai)(kai)放數據且可(ke)公開(kai)(kai)檢索分析(xi),這樣方能促進各利(li)益關系人提升專(zhuan)利(li)含金量(liang)并確保公平公正。

  建立(li)良好(hao)的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)交易生態產業。亟需建構專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)申請人、代(dai)理(li)(li)人、律師、技術專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)、經濟專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)、審查員、司法人員等專(zhuan)(zhuan)業的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)生態圈,同(tong)時(shi)優(you)化程序法規及(ji)倫理(li)(li)規范,推進(jin)互聯(lian)網(wang)及(ji)相關交易平臺,這樣方(fang)能(neng)使(shi)中國成為全球最(zui)大的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)訴訟及(ji)交易市場,進(jin)而建立(li)全球最(zui)大的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)交易產業。

  完善跨國專利布局及風險控制。亟需擴大在美、歐、日、印等國家和地區的專利布局,提升在各國專利的數量與質量,尤其須適應和掌握各國專利審查準則及申請、訴訟與交易實務,并提升翻譯質量等。此外,中國企業現在所面臨的專利風險主要在美、歐等國家和地區,因此亟需運用大數據、人工智能技術評價美、歐等專利質量與價值等級,即能掌握其專利各類活動的虛實,且還需具備大規模無效美、歐專利或主張不可執行的條件,如是方可提升中國知識產權的國際競爭力。

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