當前，在能源領域謀(mou)劃碳達(da)(da)峰的關鍵期(qi)，須深刻(ke)認(ren)識能源碳達(da)(da)峰的系統(tong)性、實踐性、時代性，以中(zhong)央(yang)“統(tong)籌(chou)有序”要(yao)求(qiu)為指(zhi)導，統(tong)籌(chou)兼顧、實事求(qiu)是、與時俱進(jin)推進(jin)相關工(gong)作。

統(tong)籌(chou)兼顧——

處(chu)理好“三大關系”，分(fen)階(jie)段(duan)實(shi)現“2030年前碳基能(neng)源停止擴張”

能源碳達(da)峰(feng)是(shi)一個動態發(fa)展的(de)系(xi)統性(xing)進程，需(xu)統籌兼顧處理好(hao)以下(xia)“三(san)大關系(xi)”：

一(yi)(yi)是(shi)處(chu)理(li)好(hao)發(fa)展(zhan)與減排的(de)(de)關系。能源(yuan)(yuan)碳達峰(feng)(feng)與高質(zhi)量發(fa)展(zhan)是(shi)統一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)。為(wei)此，必須要將(jiang)能源(yuan)(yuan)碳達峰(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)力(li)度(du)控制在經(jing)濟社(she)會(hui)可承(cheng)受的(de)(de)范圍內(nei)。尤其要警(jing)惕不顧(gu)經(jing)濟社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)，強(qiang)行(xing)推進能源(yuan)(yuan)碳達峰(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)過激傾向。較長時(shi)間(jian)內(nei)，能源(yuan)(yuan)依然是(shi)經(jing)濟社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)，短期內(nei)尚無法實現經(jing)濟社(she)會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)與能源(yuan)(yuan)消費增長脫鉤。要堅持(chi)底線思維(wei)，堅持(chi)“先(xian)立后破”原則，牢牢守住(zhu)“保障能源(yuan)(yuan)有(you)效需(xu)求”這條底線，遵守客觀(guan)(guan)標準，避免主觀(guan)(guan)臆斷。

二是(shi)要處(chu)理好短期(qi)和(he)中(zhong)長期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)。能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)達峰是(shi)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和(he)的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)奏和(he)基礎，是(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)脫(tuo)鉤整個(ge)歷史進(jin)程的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)半部分。核心目標就是(shi)在(zai)2060年(nian)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)實現無(wu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)對有(you)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)充分替代，短期(qi)目標是(shi)確保2030年(nian)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)有(you)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)使用趨于(yu)穩定(ding)。推進(jin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)達峰，應當(dang)把握(wo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)方向和(he)重(zhong)大生產力布局，從(cong)大的(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)尺度考慮(lv)需要采(cai)取的(de)(de)(de)措施，科學評估(gu)這些措施實施的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果，形成能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)脫(tuo)鉤總(zong)體(ti)(ti)戰(zhan)略，并將(jiang)其具(ju)體(ti)(ti)細化到“十四(si)五(wu)”“十五(wu)五(wu)”兩個(ge)“五(wu)年(nian)”規劃期(qi)內，形成能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)達峰路(lu)線(xian)圖。從(cong)不同階段看，前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)，重(zhong)點(dian)是(shi)在(zai)保障能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)效(xiao)需求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上，盡快(kuai)打破原有(you)發(fa)展慣性，引導能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展走上低碳(tan)(tan)(tan)道路(lu)；中(zhong)期(qi)，重(zhong)點(dian)在(zai)減(jian)少高碳(tan)(tan)(tan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)使用，以(yi)低碳(tan)(tan)(tan)、無(wu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)滿足新增能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)需求(qiu)；后期(qi)，重(zhong)點(dian)在(zai)減(jian)少低碳(tan)(tan)(tan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)使用，以(yi)無(wu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)滿足新增能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)需求(qiu)，最終(zhong)在(zai)2030年(nian)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)停(ting)止碳(tan)(tan)(tan)基能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)擴張。

三是要(yao)(yao)處理好局(ju)部(bu)和整體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)。碳(tan)達(da)峰(feng)是不同(tong)行(xing)業(ye)、不同(tong)地(di)域協同(tong)配合(he)、共(gong)同(tong)推進的(de)(de)整體(ti)(ti)(ti)工作。因此，要(yao)(yao)深入開展(zhan)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)碳(tan)達(da)峰(feng)的(de)(de)頂(ding)層設(she)計，立足經濟社(she)會發展(zhan)大局(ju)和能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發展(zhan)實(shi)際(ji)，兼顧不同(tong)行(xing)業(ye)、不同(tong)地(di)域的(de)(de)差(cha)異性，堅持統籌實(shi)現(xian)整體(ti)(ti)(ti)最優(you)。比如，對(dui)(dui)西部(bu)可再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)大省(sheng)，其(qi)責(ze)任應更(geng)多體(ti)(ti)(ti)現(xian)在為(wei)(wei)國內(nei)其(qi)他地(di)區提(ti)供(gong)更(geng)多清潔電力；對(dui)(dui)東部(bu)工業(ye)大省(sheng)，其(qi)責(ze)任應更(geng)多體(ti)(ti)(ti)現(xian)在優(you)化(hua)調整經濟結(jie)構和能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)結(jie)構；對(dui)(dui)森(sen)林資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)大省(sheng)，其(qi)責(ze)任應更(geng)多體(ti)(ti)(ti)現(xian)在為(wei)(wei)碳(tan)中(zhong)和提(ti)供(gong)可靠(kao)碳(tan)匯支撐。各地(di)各行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)碳(tan)達(da)峰(feng)方案則要(yao)(yao)根據(ju)實(shi)際(ji)，具體(ti)(ti)(ti)細化(hua)頂(ding)層設(she)計部(bu)署的(de)(de)目(mu)標和進度，服從、服務于頂(ding)層設(she)計，既要(yao)(yao)避(bi)免(mian)一騎絕塵、以(yi)鄰為(wei)(wei)壑(he)，也要(yao)(yao)避(bi)免(mian)遷延(yan)觀望、怠惰因循。

實事求(qiu)是——

尊重客(ke)觀規律(lv)，既不能(neng)(neng)低估傳統能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)和已有(you)設(she)備的持(chi)久性和適應(ying)力(li)，也不能(neng)(neng)對新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)或(huo)新技術(shu)盲目樂(le)觀

能源碳達峰(feng)的(de)實(shi)踐性要求必須立足實(shi)際、尊(zun)重客(ke)觀規(gui)律，在(zai)實(shi)踐中(zhong)檢驗政(zheng)策措施的(de)有效性和科學性。