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　　2012年(nian)(nian)是我(wo)(wo)國實現“十二五”節(jie)能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排目標的關鍵一年(nian)(nian)，近(jin)日，賽(sai)迪(di)智庫在(zai)京(jing)舉辦(ban)賽(sai)迪(di)學術沙龍系列之三——工(gong)業(ye)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排論(lun)壇，其工(gong)業(ye)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排走(zou)(zou)勢預測(ce)課題組發布了(le)《2012年(nian)(nian)下半(ban)年(nian)(nian)我(wo)(wo)國工(gong)業(ye)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排走(zou)(zou)勢分(fen)析(xi)與(yu)預測(ce)》報(bao)告，對上半(ban)年(nian)(nian)我(wo)(wo)國工(gong)業(ye)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排基本特點及存在(zai)的主(zhu)要問(wen)題進行(xing)分(fen)析(xi)，預測(ce)下半(ban)年(nian)(nian)我(wo)(wo)國工(gong)業(ye)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排的走(zou)(zou)勢并提出政策(ce)(ce)措施(shi)建議，為(wei)國家節(jie)能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排工(gong)作提供決策(ce)(ce)參考。

　　上半年工(gong)業(ye)節能減(jian)排主要情況(kuang)

　　上半年(nian)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源消費(fei)量(liang)增速(su)趨緩，單(dan)位工(gong)業(ye)(ye)增加(jia)值能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗下(xia)降較快，工(gong)業(ye)(ye)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)減(jian)(jian)排(pai)呈現出五大(da)基本特點：工(gong)業(ye)(ye)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)減(jian)(jian)排(pai)形勢好于預期;四(si)大(da)高載能(neng)(neng)(neng)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源消費(fei)量(liang)占工(gong)業(ye)(ye)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源消費(fei)總量(liang)的(de)比重下(xia)降;部分重點用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)淘汰落(luo)后(hou)產能(neng)(neng)(neng)空間縮小，技術節能(neng)(neng)(neng)難度加(jia)大(da);西(xi)部工(gong)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)濟快速(su)發展，節能(neng)(neng)(neng)減(jian)(jian)排(pai)壓力激增;重點工(gong)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)企業(ye)(ye)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)減(jian)(jian)排(pai)工(gong)作有序推進(jin)。

　　1-5月份(fen)(fen)，全(quan)(quan)國(guo)規模以上(shang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)單位增(zeng)加(jia)值能(neng)(neng)耗下(xia)降7.35%，超額完成年(nian)度下(xia)降5%的(de)(de)預期(qi)目(mu)標。四大高(gao)載能(neng)(neng)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用電(dian)量(liang)(liang)占工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用電(dian)總量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)比(bi)重為43.8%，較(jiao)去年(nian)同(tong)期(qi)下(xia)降1個(ge)百分點(dian)。對比(bi)分析2012年(nian)和(he)2011年(nian)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)淘汰(tai)落后(hou)產能(neng)(neng)目(mu)標任務，煉鐵(tie)、煉鋼、電(dian)解鋁等部分高(gao)耗能(neng)(neng)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)整體技術(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝裝備已經處于較(jiao)高(gao)水(shui)平(ping)，技術(shu)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)空間收窄。1-5月份(fen)(fen)，西部12省(sheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)增(zeng)加(jia)值增(zeng)速全(quan)(quan)部超過全(quan)(quan)國(guo)平(ping)均(jun)水(shui)平(ping)(10.7%)，新疆(jiang)、貴州、青(qing)海、寧夏的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用電(dian)量(liang)(liang)增(zeng)速均(jun)超過10%，遠高(gao)于全(quan)(quan)國(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用電(dian)量(liang)(liang)增(zeng)速(3.7%)的(de)(de)平(ping)均(jun)水(shui)平(ping)。“十二五(wu)”期(qi)間，對重點(dian)用能(neng)(neng)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，國(guo)家提(ti)出實施(shi)萬(wan)家企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)低碳(tan)行動，與以行政手(shou)段推進(jin)重點(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)用能(neng)(neng)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)相比(bi)，中小工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)內生動力不足。

　　盡(jin)管上(shang)半年節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)減排(pai)取得較好成效(xiao)，仍存在(zai)(zai)(zai)以(yi)下(xia)問(wen)題，一(yi)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)結構重(zhong)化(hua)趨(qu)勢尚未得到根本(ben)扭轉(zhuan)。1-5月份，盡(jin)管輕工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)同比增速比重(zhong)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)快(kuai)1.2個百分點(dian)，但是(shi)短(duan)期內(nei)還很(hen)難(nan)(nan)扭轉(zhuan)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)結構偏重(zhong)的趨(qu)勢。二(er)是(shi)對中(zhong)小工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)減排(pai)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)重(zhong)視不夠。一(yi)些(xie)落后(hou)的工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)技術裝備在(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)小工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)廣泛使用，中(zhong)小工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)很(hen)難(nan)(nan)獲得國(guo)家節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)減排(pai)技術改(gai)造資(zi)金(jin)支(zhi)持。三是(shi)中(zhong)西(xi)部地區(qu)經(jing)濟發展與節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)減排(pai)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)矛盾(dun)。中(zhong)西(xi)部地區(qu)至少有10個省(sheng)市提出“十二(er)五”經(jing)濟總量翻番的目標，而(er)經(jing)濟高速增長需(xu)要(yao)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)重(zhong)大(da)項目來支(zhi)撐，中(zhong)西(xi)部地區(qu)面臨(lin)既要(yao)加(jia)快(kuai)經(jing)濟發展又要(yao)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)減排(pai)的兩難(nan)(nan)困境(jing)。

　　下半年(nian)工業節能減排走勢(shi)分析(xi)與(yu)預測

　　隨著國(guo)家“穩增(zeng)長、擴內需”的相(xiang)關具(ju)體措(cuo)施出(chu)臺和(he)部分地區一(yi)大批高耗能(neng)項目相(xiang)繼投產，今(jin)年下半年工業能(neng)源消耗將快速增(zeng)長，工業節能(neng)指標可能(neng)出(chu)現反彈。

　　上半(ban)年，國家出臺一(yi)(yi)系列措施(shi)以扭轉經濟下行趨勢。鐵(tie)路(lu)、機場等一(yi)(yi)批(pi)基礎(chu)設施(shi)建設項目重(zhong)新相繼開(kai)工(gong)，拉動(dong)高耗(hao)能(neng)(neng)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)快速發展，推動(dong)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)能(neng)(neng)耗(hao)快速增(zeng)長。近期，部分(fen)地區高耗(hao)能(neng)(neng)項目審批(pi)速度(du)加快，一(yi)(yi)批(pi)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)重(zhong)大項目即將啟動(dong)。下半(ban)年，高耗(hao)能(neng)(neng)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消耗(hao)隨(sui)著投資(zi)的(de)增(zeng)長和項目的(de)投產可能(neng)(neng)出現快速增(zeng)長趨勢。

　　盡管節(jie)(jie)能(neng)產品惠民工程的實(shi)施和節(jie)(jie)能(neng)環保(bao)產業的發(fa)展(zhan)為(wei)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)減(jian)排提供一(yi)定支撐(cheng)，但總體(ti)來看，下半年(nian)全國(guo)工業節(jie)(jie)能(neng)減(jian)排形(xing)勢(shi)不容樂(le)觀。如(ru)何應對高耗(hao)能(neng)行(xing)業快(kuai)速(su)擴張?如(ru)何破解經濟發(fa)展(zhan)與節(jie)(jie)能(neng)減(jian)排的矛盾?如(ru)何抓好中(zhong)小企業節(jie)(jie)能(neng)減(jian)排?賽迪(di)智庫工業節(jie)(jie)能(neng)與環保(bao)研(yan)究所提出了五點政策措施建議：

　　一(yi)是繼續做好新(xin)上項目能(neng)評(ping)環評(ping)。加強(qiang)工業投資(zi)項目節能(neng)評(ping)估和(he)(he)審(shen)查，把(ba)好能(neng)耗(hao)準入關和(he)(he)污(wu)染物排放總量關，加強(qiang)能(neng)評(ping)和(he)(he)環評(ping)審(shen)查的監督管理。

　　二是切實完成(cheng)淘(tao)汰落(luo)后(hou)產能(neng)(neng)(neng)任(ren)務。進(jin)一(yi)步把落(luo)后(hou)產能(neng)(neng)(neng)淘(tao)汰落(luo)實到(dao)具(ju)體企業、具(ju)體項目，切實加強(qiang)落(luo)后(hou)產能(neng)(neng)(neng)淘(tao)汰工作的(de)督促考核，推動利用市場手段淘(tao)汰落(luo)后(hou)產能(neng)(neng)(neng)。

　　三是加大對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)節(jie)能減(jian)排的(de)支持力(li)度。鼓勵專業(ye)化節(jie)能服(fu)務(wu)公(gong)司為中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)開展節(jie)能減(jian)排咨詢;針對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)企(qi)業(ye)推行清潔(jie)生產存(cun)在的(de)共性問(wen)題，研(yan)究(jiu)出臺(tai)相(xiang)關(guan)政策措施。

　　四是研(yan)究制定差異(yi)化(hua)的工業(ye)節能減排政策措施。包(bao)括(kuo)：區(qu)域(yu)工業(ye)節能減排差異(yi)化(hua)政策、工業(ye)行業(ye)節能減排差異(yi)化(hua)政策、工業(ye)企業(ye)節能減排差異(yi)化(hua)政策等(deng)。

　　五是繼續擴(kuo)大節能(neng)(neng)產品惠民工(gong)程支持范(fan)圍。擴(kuo)大節能(neng)(neng)家電產品覆蓋范(fan)圍;將量大面廣的工(gong)業耗能(neng)(neng)產品列入補貼范(fan)圍。

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