近日，國家發(fa)展改(gai)革(ge)委(wei)、國家能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局聯合印發(fa)《關于完善能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)綠(lv)(lv)色低(di)碳轉(zhuan)型(xing)體(ti)制機制和(he)政策措施的意(yi)見》(以(yi)下簡(jian)稱《意(yi)見》)，提出“十四五(wu)”時期，基本(ben)建(jian)立推進能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)綠(lv)(lv)色低(di)碳發(fa)展的制度框架，形成比較(jiao)完善的政策、標準、市場和(he)監管體(ti)系，構(gou)建(jian)以(yi)能(neng)(neng)耗“雙控”和(he)非化石(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)目(mu)標制度為引領的能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)綠(lv)(lv)色低(di)碳轉(zhuan)型(xing)推進機制。

　　到2030年，基(ji)(ji)本(ben)建(jian)立完(wan)整的能(neng)源(yuan)綠色低(di)碳(tan)發(fa)展基(ji)(ji)本(ben)制度和政策體系，形成非化(hua)石能(neng)源(yuan)既基(ji)(ji)本(ben)滿足能(neng)源(yuan)需求增量又規模化(hua)替(ti)代化(hua)石能(neng)源(yuan)存量、能(neng)源(yuan)安全保障能(neng)力(li)得到全面增強的能(neng)源(yuan)生產消費格局。

　　《意見(jian)》指出(chu)，能源(yuan)生產和(he)消費相關活動是最主要的二氧化碳排放源(yuan)，大力推動能源(yuan)領(ling)域(yu)碳減排是做好碳達峰碳中(zhong)和(he)工作，以及(ji)加快構(gou)建現代能源(yuan)體(ti)(ti)系的重(zhong)要舉措(cuo)。現有(you)的體(ti)(ti)制機制、政策(ce)體(ti)(ti)系、治理方(fang)式(shi)等(deng)仍(reng)然面臨一些(xie)困難(nan)和(he)挑戰，難(nan)以適應新形勢下(xia)推進能源(yuan)綠色低碳轉型的需(xu)要。《意見(jian)》提(ti)出(chu)十(shi)方(fang)面共35項具體(ti)(ti)舉措(cuo)。

　　在(zai)完善引(yin)導綠色(se)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消費(fei)的制(zhi)度和(he)(he)政策體系方面，《意(yi)見》提出，完善交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)運輸領域能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)清潔替代政策。推進交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)運輸綠色(se)低碳轉型，優(you)化交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)運輸結構，推行綠色(se)低碳交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)設(she)(she)施(shi)裝(zhuang)備(bei)。推行大容量電氣化公共交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)電動(dong)、氫能(neng)(neng)(neng)、先進生物液體燃料、天然氣等清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)具(ju)，完善充換(huan)電、加(jia)(jia)氫、加(jia)(jia)氣(LNG)站(zhan)點(dian)(dian)布(bu)局及服務(wu)設(she)(she)施(shi)，降低交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)運輸領域清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)成本。對交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)供能(neng)(neng)(neng)場站(zhan)布(bu)局和(he)(he)建設(she)(she)在(zai)土地空間等方面予以支持，開展多能(neng)(neng)(neng)融合交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)供能(neng)(neng)(neng)場站(zhan)建設(she)(she)，推進新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)與電網能(neng)(neng)(neng)量互(hu)動(dong)試(shi)點(dian)(dian)示范，推動(dong)車(che)樁、船岸協(xie)同(tong)發展。對利(li)用鐵(tie)路沿線、高速公路服務(wu)區等建設(she)(she)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)設(she)(she)施(shi)的，鼓勵對同(tong)一(yi)省(sheng)級區域內的項目統(tong)一(yi)規(gui)劃、統(tong)一(yi)實施(shi)、統(tong)一(yi)核準(zhun)(備(bei)案)。

　　在(zai)建(jian)(jian)立綠色低(di)(di)(di)碳(tan)為(wei)導(dao)向的(de)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)(fa)利用新(xin)機制方面(mian)，《意見(jian)》提到要(yao)推動構建(jian)(jian)以清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)低(di)(di)(di)碳(tan)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)主體(ti)的(de)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)體(ti)系(xi)。以沙(sha)漠(mo)(mo)、戈壁(bi)、荒(huang)漠(mo)(mo)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)為(wei)重(zhong)點，加快(kuai)推進大型(xing)(xing)風電、光伏發(fa)(fa)電基地(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，對區(qu)(qu)(qu)域內現有煤電機組(zu)(zu)進行升(sheng)級(ji)改(gai)造，探索建(jian)(jian)立送(song)(song)受兩端協同為(wei)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電力(li)輸送(song)(song)提供調節的(de)機制，支持新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電力(li)能(neng)(neng)建(jian)(jian)盡建(jian)(jian)、能(neng)(neng)并盡并、能(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)盡發(fa)(fa)。各(ge)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)按(an)(an)照國家(jia)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)戰略(lve)和規劃(hua)及分領域規劃(hua)，統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)考慮本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)需(xu)求和清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)低(di)(di)(di)碳(tan)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)等情(qing)況(kuang)，在(zai)省級(ji)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)規劃(hua)總體(ti)框架下，指導(dao)并組(zu)(zu)織制定(ding)市(縣)級(ji)清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)低(di)(di)(di)碳(tan)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)(fa)利用、區(qu)(qu)(qu)域能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)相關(guan)實(shi)施(shi)方案。各(ge)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)應(ying)當統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)考慮本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)需(xu)求及可開發(fa)(fa)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)量等，按(an)(an)就近原(yuan)則優先(xian)開發(fa)(fa)利用本(ben)(ben)地(di)(di)清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)低(di)(di)(di)碳(tan)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)，根據需(xu)要(yao)積極引入區(qu)(qu)(qu)域外的(de)清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)低(di)(di)(di)碳(tan)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)，形成優先(xian)通過(guo)清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)低(di)(di)(di)碳(tan)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)滿足(zu)新(xin)增用能(neng)(neng)需(xu)求并逐(zhu)漸替代存量化石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)生產消費格局。鼓勵各(ge)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)多能(neng)(neng)互補、就近平衡、以清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)低(di)(di)(di)碳(tan)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)主體(ti)的(de)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。

　　此外(wai)，在(zai)完善化石能(neng)源清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)高效(xiao)(xiao)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)利(li)用(yong)(yong)機制方(fang)面，《意(yi)見》要(yao)求完善煤炭(tan)清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)利(li)用(yong)(yong)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)。立足以煤為主的(de)基(ji)本國情，按照能(neng)源不同(tong)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)階段，發(fa)(fa)揮好煤炭(tan)在(zai)能(neng)源供(gong)應保(bao)(bao)障中的(de)基(ji)礎作用(yong)(yong)。建(jian)立煤礦(kuang)綠(lv)色(se)(se)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)長效(xiao)(xiao)機制，優(you)化煤炭(tan)產(chan)能(neng)布局，加大(da)(da)煤礦(kuang)“上大(da)(da)壓小、增優(you)汰劣”力(li)度，大(da)(da)力(li)推(tui)動煤炭(tan)清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)高效(xiao)(xiao)利(li)用(yong)(yong)。制定(ding)礦(kuang)井(jing)優(you)化系統支持(chi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)，完善綠(lv)色(se)(se)智能(neng)煤礦(kuang)建(jian)設(she)標準(zhun)體系，健全煤礦(kuang)智能(neng)化技術(shu)、裝備、人才發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)支持(chi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)體系。完善煤矸石、礦(kuang)井(jing)水、煤礦(kuang)井(jing)下抽采瓦斯(si)等資(zi)源綜合利(li)用(yong)(yong)及(ji)(ji)礦(kuang)區(qu)生態治(zhi)理(li)與修(xiu)復支持(chi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)，加大(da)(da)力(li)度支持(chi)煤礦(kuang)充(chong)填開(kai)(kai)采技術(shu)推(tui)廣應用(yong)(yong)，鼓勵利(li)用(yong)(yong)廢(fei)棄(qi)礦(kuang)區(qu)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)新能(neng)源及(ji)(ji)儲能(neng)項目開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)建(jian)設(she)。依(yi)法依(yi)規加快辦理(li)綠(lv)色(se)(se)智能(neng)煤礦(kuang)等優(you)質產(chan)能(neng)和(he)保(bao)(bao)供(gong)煤礦(kuang)的(de)環保(bao)(bao)、用(yong)(yong)地、核準(zhun)、采礦(kuang)等相(xiang)關手續。科學評(ping)估煤炭(tan)企業產(chan)量(liang)減(jian)少和(he)關閉退(tui)出的(de)影響(xiang)，研究完善煤炭(tan)企業退(tui)出和(he)轉型發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)以及(ji)(ji)從業人員(yuan)安置等扶(fu)持(chi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)(ce)。