聚焦碳達峰(feng)、碳中(zhong)和戰略目標，以(yi)科(ke)技創新為能(neng)源轉型保(bao)駕護(hu)航

電力規劃設計總院 杜(du)忠(zhong)明

創新是(shi)(shi)引(yin)領(ling)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)第一動力(li)。黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)十八大(da)以來，習近平總書記(ji)把科(ke)(ke)技創新擺在了(le)全(quan)局發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心位置(zhi)，多次在重(zhong)要講話(hua)中(zhong)做出部署和指(zhi)示。“十四五”是(shi)(shi)能源(yuan)(yuan)革命和科(ke)(ke)技革命交(jiao)匯的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要戰略(lve)機遇(yu)期，也是(shi)(shi)我(wo)國(guo)實現碳(tan)(tan)達峰、碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)和的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵窗口期，科(ke)(ke)技創新是(shi)(shi)支撐我(wo)國(guo)能源(yuan)(yuan)健康快速發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)竭動力(li)，對扎實推(tui)進“四個革命、一個合作”能源(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)新戰略(lve)，積極推(tui)動我(wo)國(guo)能源(yuan)(yuan)綠色低碳(tan)(tan)轉(zhuan)型具有重(zhong)要意義。

近期，國(guo)家能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局、科(ke)學(xue)技術部聯合印發(fa)了(le)《“十(shi)四(si)五(wu)”能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)領域科(ke)技創新(xin)規(gui)劃》（以下簡稱(cheng)《規(gui)劃》），《規(gui)劃》圍(wei)繞我(wo)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展重大需求和能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)技術革命發(fa)展趨勢，以科(ke)技創新(xin)作為著力破(po)解制約“十(shi)四(si)五(wu)”時期我(wo)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)高質量發(fa)展難題(ti)的(de)有(you)效途徑，對未來一段時期內能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)創新(xin)任務進行了(le)全方位部署，提(ti)出了(le)2025年前能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)科(ke)技創新(xin)的(de)總體目標，是(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)領域科(ke)技創新(xin)發(fa)展的(de)“指南(nan)針”。 

一、圍(wei)繞科技自立(li)自強，科學合理制定發展目標

從(cong)國(guo)內能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)科(ke)技(ji)發展形勢(shi)看，我(wo)國(guo)已(yi)(yi)經從(cong)“跟(gen)跑(pao)、并跑(pao)”為主(zhu)(zhu)，向“領跑(pao)、主(zhu)(zhu)導”加速轉(zhuan)變。經過“十(shi)二五(wu)”、“十(shi)三五(wu)”兩個五(wu)年規劃期，我(wo)國(guo)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術革命(ming)取(qu)得了(le)(le)階段性(xing)成果，創新(xin)能(neng)力(li)顯著提(ti)升，已(yi)(yi)經取(qu)得了(le)(le)多(duo)個“世界(jie)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)”和“國(guo)際首個”，掌握了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)批具有自主(zhu)(zhu)知(zhi)識(shi)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)的(de)關鍵核心技(ji)術、建(jian)設了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)批具有先(xian)進技(ji)術指標的(de)精(jing)品(pin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)示范工程、推廣了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)批具有國(guo)際競(jing)爭力(li)的(de)清潔高效(xiao)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝備(bei)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)，已(yi)(yi)經建(jian)立了(le)(le)較為完備(bei)的(de)清潔能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裝備(bei)制造產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)，能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供應鏈(lian)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)供應鏈(lian)安全保障水(shui)平不斷提(ti)高。

從國(guo)(guo)際能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)科(ke)技(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)形勢看，應對氣候變化已經成(cheng)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)際共識，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)格局正(zheng)(zheng)在發(fa)生(sheng)深刻變革，以科(ke)技(ji)創新(xin)(xin)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)線(xian)的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)轉型加速(su)推進。政(zheng)策引導(dao)上(shang)，世界主(zhu)(zhu)要能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)強國(guo)(guo)以體制(zhi)機制(zhi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)要抓手(shou)，積極(ji)部署以能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)科(ke)技(ji)創新(xin)(xin)發(fa)展(zhan)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)線(xian)的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)戰略頂層設計；能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)格局上(shang)，積極(ji)推進主(zhu)(zhu)體能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由化石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)導(dao)到可(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)導(dao)的(de)更替(ti)，綠色低(di)碳和多(duo)元融(rong)合將是很長一(yi)段時間內世界能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)科(ke)技(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)旋律；技(ji)術布局上(shang)，國(guo)(guo)際能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)業(ye)鏈正(zheng)(zheng)在呈現區(qu)域化和多(duo)元化發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)趨勢，各國(guo)(guo)從保障本國(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安全和搶占(zhan)產(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)先機的(de)角度考慮，著力提升新(xin)(xin)興能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)領域的(de)產(chan)業(ye)競爭實力。

一(yi)方面(mian)，從實現(xian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)強國(guo)(guo)、引領世界(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)展前沿的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)出(chu)發(fa)，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)在能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)和(he)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)體系(xi)建(jian)設方面(mian)仍然(ran)有(you)待加強；另一(yi)方面(mian)，國(guo)(guo)際能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)展形勢嚴峻復雜，全球(qiu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)格(ge)局的(de)(de)(de)(de)深刻調整重塑，疊加大國(guo)(guo)博弈、地緣政治、新(xin)(xin)冠肺炎疫情(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)必(bi)須“牢牢抓住能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)飯碗(wan)”，增(zeng)強科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)自立自強能(neng)(neng)(neng)力。然(ran)而，我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)展仍然(ran)面(mian)臨(lin)著諸多(duo)挑戰(zhan)：一(yi)是(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)發(fa)展驅動(dong)力不(bu)強，能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)領域科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)發(fa)展不(bu)平衡、不(bu)充分的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題較為突出(chu)，推動(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)轉型的(de)(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)色低碳能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)有(you)待加強、新(xin)(xin)興戰(zhan)略性能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)有(you)待布局；二是(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)產業鏈(lian)仍然(ran)存在堵點(dian)、斷點(dian)、痛點(dian)，部分關鍵核心技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術仍然(ran)面(mian)臨(lin)受制于人的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險，亟需通過能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)進一(yi)步補短鍛長，進行(xing)補鏈(lian)、強鏈(lian)、延鏈(lian)工程；三(san)是(shi)雖然(ran)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)部分能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術已經進入國(guo)(guo)際先進行(xing)列，但產業化(hua)程度(du)不(bu)高，基礎研發(fa)和(he)工程需求(qiu)(qiu)脫(tuo)節，創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)鏈(lian)和(he)產業鏈(lian)缺乏有(you)效銜接(jie)融合(he)和(he)良性互動(dong)。

正是針對能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)問(wen)題和不足，《規劃》提出了主(zhu)(zhu)要發(fa)展(zhan)目(mu)標，在(zai)“十四五”時期，能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)領(ling)(ling)域現(xian)存(cun)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要短(duan)板(ban)技(ji)術裝(zhuang)備基本實現(xian)突破，形(xing)成一批(pi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)長板(ban)技(ji)術新(xin)(xin)優勢(shi)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)創新(xin)(xin)體(ti)系進一步健全，能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)科(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)創新(xin)(xin)有力支撐引(yin)領(ling)(ling)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)業高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)。同(tong)時，《規劃》在(zai)以(yi)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)型電力系統建(jian)設、核電、化(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)利用(yong)、能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)業數字化(hua)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)等技(ji)術方向(xiang)提出了具體(ti)發(fa)展(zhan)目(mu)標，科(ke)(ke)(ke)學引(yin)導各產(chan)業學研用(yong)創新(xin)(xin)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)將科(ke)(ke)(ke)研力量(liang)和優勢(shi)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)聚集(ji)到重點能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術創新(xin)(xin)領(ling)(ling)域。

二、錨定(ding)新(xin)形勢(shi)新(xin)目標，統籌優化構建創新(xin)領(ling)域

能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)科(ke)技(ji)規劃(hua)構建的(de)(de)創新(xin)(xin)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)路徑及(ji)部署的(de)(de)重點任(ren)(ren)務是(shi)必須與同時期能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)需求(qiu)及(ji)要求(qiu)高度(du)契合承接的(de)(de)。在(zai)不同能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)階(jie)段中，能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)科(ke)技(ji)創新(xin)(xin)規劃(hua)的(de)(de)歷史使命不盡相(xiang)(xiang)同，其目(mu)標、任(ren)(ren)務、內容亦有所差(cha)異，但最(zui)終指向(xiang)都將是(shi)通過(guo)科(ke)學合理規劃(hua)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)創新(xin)(xin)路徑，實現能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)階(jie)段性(xing)目(mu)標。“十二五(wu)”和(he)“十三五(wu)”兩個規劃(hua)期是(shi)我國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)從(cong)粗放(fang)擴張到(dao)集約(yue)高效的(de)(de)加速換擋期，編制(zhi)這兩個五(wu)年能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)科(ke)技(ji)規劃(hua)時，緊(jin)緊(jin)抓(zhua)住制(zhi)約(yue)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)轉型的(de)(de)關鍵瓶頸和(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)深層(ceng)次(ci)矛盾，以提高自主創新(xin)(xin)水平、增強(qiang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)給(gei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力、優化調(diao)整(zheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)結構、提升資源(yuan)利用效率(lv)、降低污染物排放(fang)水平為(wei)核心，按照能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)生產和(he)消費產業(ye)鏈供(gong)應鏈技(ji)術環節的(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關性(xing)和(he)相(xiang)(xiang)近(jin)性(xing)布局重點技(ji)術創新(xin)(xin)領域。

“十(shi)四(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)”時期是我國(guo)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)高質量發(fa)(fa)展的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)階(jie)段(duan)，能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)安全保障能(neng)力進一步(bu)增(zeng)強，綠色低(di)碳發(fa)(fa)展水(shui)平進一步(bu)提(ti)(ti)高，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型電力系統加(jia)快構建，能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)產業(ye)鏈現代(dai)化水(shui)平顯(xian)著提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)，預計到2025年，非化石(shi)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消費(fei)比重(zhong)提(ti)(ti)高到20%左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)，非化石(shi)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電量比重(zhong)達(da)到39%左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)。面對新(xin)(xin)(xin)形(xing)勢、新(xin)(xin)(xin)目(mu)標，《規劃(hua)(hua)》在構建創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)路徑(jing)時，沒有延續“十(shi)二五(wu)(wu)”和“十(shi)三五(wu)(wu)”的(de)編制思路，而是充分銜接配合“十(shi)四(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)”時期能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展特點，打破《規劃(hua)(hua)》專題(ti)研(yan)究的(de)專業(ye)局限，聚焦(jiao)亟需突破的(de)技術(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)難題(ti)，分類設(she)計劃(hua)(hua)分技術(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)領域。

一(yi)是以(yi)(yi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)重大(da)發展(zhan)需求(qiu)為(wei)(wei)導(dao)向(xiang)，統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)各能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)分系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)在能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)中的(de)地(di)位和作用。可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)化(hua)(hua)、多元化(hua)(hua)發展(zhan)是實現(xian)雙碳(tan)戰略目標的(de)直接(jie)路徑，《規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)》聚(ju)焦大(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)高比例可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)發利用，將水(shui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、風能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、生物質能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、地(di)熱能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)以(yi)(yi)及海洋能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等劃(hua)分為(wei)(wei)入(ru)“先(xian)進(jin)可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及綜(zong)合(he)利用技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)”中。傳統(tong)(tong)化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)發利用是托底保(bao)障我國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全(quan)的(de)現(xian)實要求(qiu)，也是防范化(hua)(hua)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)安(an)全(quan)保(bao)供(gong)(gong)風險(xian)的(de)重要舉措，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，以(yi)(yi)保(bao)障油(you)氣供(gong)(gong)應安(an)全(quan)和聚(ju)焦煤炭綠色低碳(tan)高效利用為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)線，《規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)》劃(hua)分設置了(le)(le)“綠色高效化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)發利用”技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)領(ling)域(yu)。我國(guo)已經提出了(le)(le)構建以(yi)(yi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)體的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，從(cong)(cong)結構特征看，在新(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)中綠色電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)將成為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)提供(gong)(gong)可靠(kao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)支撐。從(cong)(cong)形態(tai)特征看，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網荷融合(he)互(hu)動，“大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網”與“分布式系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)”兼容(rong)互(hu)補。從(cong)(cong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)特征看，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)各環(huan)節全(quan)面數字化(hua)(hua)，調控體系(xi)(xi)(xi)高度智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，從(cong)(cong)傳統(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)過渡到(dao)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，還有(you)大(da)量(liang)涉及到(dao)材(cai)料(liao)裝備、系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)設計、運行機制(zhi)相關的(de)基礎理論研究及工程實踐有(you)待開(kai)展(zhan)，是一(yi)項(xiang)龐大(da)的(de)需要系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)深入(ru)研究的(de)重大(da)課題。此(ci)(ci)外，儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是提供(gong)(gong)可靠(kao)容(rong)量(liang)支撐、保(bao)障新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消納，實現(xian)跨季節長時間尺度能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)轉移的(de)關鍵環(huan)節，是保(bao)障新(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)安(an)全(quan)穩定運行的(de)重要元素。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)(ci)，《規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)》圍繞大(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)發并(bing)網和先(xian)進(jin)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，劃(hua)分設置了(le)(le)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)及其(qi)支撐技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)”。

二是(shi)指向明(ming)確、精準聚(ju)焦，對(dui)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)(ji)術集中(zhong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、分(fen)(fen)層次(ci)布(bu)局(ju)。隨著數字(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)蓬(peng)勃發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)行業(ye)與(yu)新(xin)一(yi)代信息技(ji)(ji)術融(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)已然大(da)勢所趨，成為推(tui)動傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)轉(zhuan)型升級的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵載體(ti)，也是(shi)催生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)行業(ye)新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術、新(xin)模式、新(xin)業(ye)態的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。《規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)》對(dui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)數字(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)技(ji)(ji)術”技(ji)(ji)術領域的(de)(de)(de)劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)局(ju)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)考慮以下三(san)方面：一(yi)是(shi)當(dang)前我國能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)數字(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)基礎仍然相對(dui)薄弱，亟需構(gou)建(jian)適用于(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)行業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)共性(xing)關(guan)鍵技(ji)(ji)術體(ti)系(xi)；二是(shi)我國能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)行業(ye)與(yu)數字(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)融(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)程(cheng)度不高，制(zhi)約了能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈要(yao)(yao)素的(de)(de)(de)有序合(he)理流動和高效協作(zuo)，限制(zhi)了全產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈總體(ti)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配置效率(lv)，應積極構(gou)建(jian)數字(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)行業(ye)深度融(rong)(rong)(rong)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)體(ti)系(xi)；三(san)是(shi)數字(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)手段是(shi)賦能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈高端(duan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)途(tu)徑(jing)，近年來(lai)涌(yong)現(xian)了基于(yu)數字(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)體(ti)系(xi)下的(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服務、虛擬電廠、供需互動等能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)新(xin)模式、新(xin)業(ye)態，這(zhe)些都將在未來(lai)成為我國能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)增長極，也將是(shi)傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈高端(duan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)支點。因(yin)此，《規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)》將可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、煤炭、油氣(qi)、核電、電力系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)涉及到數字(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)內容統(tong)(tong)(tong)籌到“能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)數字(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)技(ji)(ji)術”技(ji)(ji)術領域中(zhong)，按照基礎共性(xing)、行業(ye)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)升級、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)集成三(san)個維度分(fen)(fen)層布(bu)局(ju)且(qie)單獨成章。

三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)找準(zhun)氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)在現代能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)系中的定(ding)位(wei)，以(yi)相關創新領(ling)域(yu)布局科學引導發(fa)展方(fang)向。氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)作為一(yi)種清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)載(zai)體(ti)，一(yi)方(fang)面應(ying)用(yong)廣泛，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)實現能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與交(jiao)通(tong)、工業、建筑行(xing)業的互(hu)補融合，實現各行(xing)業融合互(hu)聯以(yi)及(ji)協調、高效(xiao)、低碳發(fa)展，另一(yi)方(fang)面氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)實現可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)跨時間(jian)、跨空(kong)間(jian)轉移(yi)，破解(jie)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)間(jian)歇(xie)性、波動性帶來(lai)的消納難(nan)題(ti)。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)，氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)揮(hui)以(yi)上兩方(fang)面重(zhong)(zhong)要作用(yong)有(you)一(yi)個重(zhong)(zhong)要前(qian)提(ti)，就是(shi)(shi)(shi)氫(qing)的來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)必須由(you)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)制得(de)，而當前(qian)，受制于技(ji)術(shu)成熟度和(he)經濟性的原因，氫(qing)的主要來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)仍然是(shi)(shi)(shi)傳統化石能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。“十(shi)二五”和(he)“十(shi)三(san)五”時期，氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)主要作為戰略新興產(chan)業的定(ding)位(wei)鼓勵發(fa)展，隨著(zhu)近年來(lai)氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)屬性逐漸凸顯，其(qi)在現代能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)系中的地(di)位(wei)和(he)作用(yong)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)明確，《規劃》將“氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)燃料電池技(ji)術(shu)”重(zhong)(zhong)點任務部署在“先進(jin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)電及(ji)綜合利用(yong)技(ji)術(shu)”技(ji)術(shu)領(ling)域(yu)中，這充分(fen)說明由(you)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)制得(de)的綠(lv)氫(qing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)氫(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)在制、儲、運、用(yong)各產(chan)業鏈環節開展技(ji)術(shu)創新應(ying)用(yong)的重(zhong)(zhong)要前(qian)提(ti)。