聚焦碳達峰、碳中和(he)戰略(lve)目標(biao)，以科技(ji)創新(xin)為(wei)能源轉型保駕護航

電力規劃設計總院 杜(du)忠明

創新(xin)是(shi)引領發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的第一動力。黨(dang)的十八(ba)大以來(lai)，習近平總書(shu)記把科技創新(xin)擺在了全局發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的核心位置，多次在重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要講話中做出部署和指示(shi)。“十四五”是(shi)能(neng)源(yuan)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)和科技革(ge)(ge)命(ming)交匯(hui)的重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要戰略(lve)機遇期，也(ye)是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)實(shi)現碳(tan)達峰、碳(tan)中和的關鍵窗口期，科技創新(xin)是(shi)支(zhi)撐我(wo)國(guo)能(neng)源(yuan)健康快速發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的不竭(jie)動力，對扎實(shi)推進(jin)“四個革(ge)(ge)命(ming)、一個合(he)作(zuo)”能(neng)源(yuan)安全新(xin)戰略(lve)，積極推動我(wo)國(guo)能(neng)源(yuan)綠色低碳(tan)轉型(xing)具有重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要意(yi)義。

近期，國(guo)家能(neng)(neng)源局、科(ke)學(xue)技(ji)(ji)術部聯合印(yin)發了《“十(shi)四五”能(neng)(neng)源領(ling)域(yu)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新規(gui)劃(hua)》（以下簡稱(cheng)《規(gui)劃(hua)》），《規(gui)劃(hua)》圍繞我(wo)(wo)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)源發展(zhan)重大需求和能(neng)(neng)源技(ji)(ji)術革命發展(zhan)趨勢，以科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新作為著力破解制約“十(shi)四五”時期我(wo)(wo)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)源高質(zhi)量發展(zhan)難題的有效途徑，對未來一段(duan)時期內能(neng)(neng)源創(chuang)新任務(wu)進行(xing)了全方位部署，提出了2025年前(qian)能(neng)(neng)源科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新的總體目(mu)標(biao)，是(shi)能(neng)(neng)源領(ling)域(yu)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新發展(zhan)的“指南針”。 

一、圍繞科技自立(li)自強，科學(xue)合理制定發展(zhan)目標

從國內能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)科技(ji)發(fa)展形勢看，我國已(yi)經從“跟(gen)跑(pao)、并跑(pao)”為主，向“領跑(pao)、主導”加速轉變。經過(guo)“十二五(wu)”、“十三(san)五(wu)”兩個(ge)五(wu)年(nian)規劃期，我國能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)術革命(ming)取(qu)得(de)了(le)(le)階段(duan)性成(cheng)果，創(chuang)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)顯著提升，已(yi)經取(qu)得(de)了(le)(le)多個(ge)“世界第一(yi)”和“國際首個(ge)”，掌握了(le)(le)一(yi)批具(ju)有(you)自主知識(shi)產權的關鍵核心(xin)技(ji)術、建設了(le)(le)一(yi)批具(ju)有(you)先進(jin)技(ji)術指標(biao)的精(jing)品(pin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)示范工(gong)程、推廣了(le)(le)一(yi)批具(ju)有(you)國際競(jing)爭(zheng)力(li)的清潔(jie)高效能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)裝備產品(pin)，已(yi)經建立了(le)(le)較為完(wan)備的清潔(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)裝備制造產業鏈(lian)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供應鏈(lian)產業鏈(lian)供應鏈(lian)安全保(bao)障(zhang)水平不斷提高。

從國(guo)(guo)際(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)形勢看，應對氣(qi)候(hou)變化已經成為(wei)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)共識，能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)格局正在(zai)發(fa)生深刻變革，以(yi)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)線(xian)的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)轉型加(jia)速推進(jin)。政策(ce)引導上，世(shi)界主(zhu)(zhu)要能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)強國(guo)(guo)以(yi)體制機制為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)要抓手，積極(ji)部(bu)署以(yi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)線(xian)的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)戰略頂層設計；能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)格局上，積極(ji)推進(jin)主(zhu)(zhu)體能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)由化石能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)導到可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)導的(de)更(geng)替，綠色低碳(tan)和多元(yuan)融(rong)合將是很(hen)長(chang)一段時間內世(shi)界能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)旋律(lv)；技(ji)(ji)術布局上，國(guo)(guo)際(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)產業(ye)鏈正在(zai)呈現區域化和多元(yuan)化發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)趨(qu)勢，各國(guo)(guo)從保障本國(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)安全和搶占產業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)先機的(de)角度(du)考慮(lv)，著力提升新(xin)興能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)領域的(de)產業(ye)競爭實力。

一方面(mian)，從實(shi)現能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)、引(yin)領(ling)世界能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)前沿的要(yao)求出發(fa)(fa)(fa)，我國(guo)(guo)在能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術創新(xin)(xin)和(he)創新(xin)(xin)體系建設方面(mian)仍(reng)然(ran)有(you)待(dai)加強(qiang)；另一方面(mian)，國(guo)(guo)際能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)形(xing)勢嚴峻復雜，全球能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)格局(ju)的深刻(ke)調整(zheng)重塑(su)，疊加大國(guo)(guo)博弈、地(di)緣(yuan)政(zheng)治、新(xin)(xin)冠肺炎疫情的影(ying)響，要(yao)求我國(guo)(guo)必須“牢(lao)牢(lao)抓住能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的飯(fan)碗(wan)”，增(zeng)強(qiang)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)自(zi)立(li)自(zi)強(qiang)能(neng)(neng)力(li)。然(ran)而，我國(guo)(guo)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)仍(reng)然(ran)面(mian)臨著(zhu)諸多挑戰(zhan)：一是能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)創新(xin)(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)驅動力(li)不(bu)強(qiang)，能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)領(ling)域科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)創新(xin)(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)平衡、不(bu)充分的問(wen)題(ti)較為突出，推動能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)轉型的綠色低碳能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術創新(xin)(xin)有(you)待(dai)加強(qiang)、新(xin)(xin)興戰(zhan)略(lve)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術創新(xin)(xin)有(you)待(dai)布(bu)局(ju)；二(er)是能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)產業鏈(lian)仍(reng)然(ran)存在堵點(dian)、斷點(dian)、痛(tong)點(dian)，部(bu)分關鍵核心技(ji)(ji)(ji)術仍(reng)然(ran)面(mian)臨受(shou)制于人的風險(xian)，亟需通過能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)創新(xin)(xin)進一步補(bu)短鍛長，進行補(bu)鏈(lian)、強(qiang)鏈(lian)、延鏈(lian)工(gong)程(cheng)；三是雖然(ran)我國(guo)(guo)部(bu)分能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)創新(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術已經進入國(guo)(guo)際先進行列，但產業化程(cheng)度不(bu)高(gao)，基礎研發(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)工(gong)程(cheng)需求脫(tuo)節(jie)，創新(xin)(xin)鏈(lian)和(he)產業鏈(lian)缺乏有(you)效銜接融合和(he)良性(xing)互動。

正是針(zhen)對能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)存(cun)在的(de)問題和不足，《規劃》提出了(le)主要(yao)發(fa)展(zhan)目標，在“十(shi)四五”時期，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)領域現存(cun)的(de)主要(yao)短板技(ji)(ji)術(shu)裝(zhuang)備基本實現突破(po)，形成一批能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)長板技(ji)(ji)術(shu)新(xin)優勢(shi)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)體系進一步健全，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)有力(li)支撐引(yin)領能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)產業高質量發(fa)展(zhan)。同時，《規劃》在以新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為主體的(de)新(xin)型電(dian)力(li)系統建設、核電(dian)、化石能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)開發(fa)利用、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)產業數字化智能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化等技(ji)(ji)術(shu)方向提出了(le)具體發(fa)展(zhan)目標，科(ke)學引(yin)導各(ge)產業學研用創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)主體將科(ke)研力(li)量和優勢(shi)資源(yuan)聚集到重點(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)領域。

二、錨定(ding)新(xin)形勢新(xin)目標，統籌(chou)優化構(gou)建創(chuang)新(xin)領域

能(neng)源(yuan)科技(ji)規劃(hua)構建的(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)新(xin)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)路徑及部署的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)任務是必須(xu)與同時期能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)需求(qiu)(qiu)及要求(qiu)(qiu)高(gao)度(du)契合承接的(de)(de)(de)。在不同能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)階(jie)段中，能(neng)源(yuan)科技(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)規劃(hua)的(de)(de)(de)歷史使命不盡相同，其(qi)目標、任務、內容亦(yi)有所差異，但最終指向都將是通過科學(xue)合理規劃(hua)能(neng)源(yuan)創(chuang)新(xin)路徑，實(shi)現能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)階(jie)段性目標。“十二五(wu)”和“十三五(wu)”兩個規劃(hua)期是我國能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)從(cong)粗放擴(kuo)張到集(ji)約高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)加速換擋期，編制(zhi)這兩個五(wu)年能(neng)源(yuan)科技(ji)規劃(hua)時，緊(jin)緊(jin)抓住制(zhi)約能(neng)源(yuan)轉型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵瓶(ping)頸和能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)深(shen)層次(ci)矛盾，以提(ti)高(gao)自主創(chuang)新(xin)水(shui)平、增(zeng)強能(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)給能(neng)力、優化調整能(neng)源(yuan)結構、提(ti)升資源(yuan)利用(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)、降(jiang)低污染物排放水(shui)平為核心，按照能(neng)源(yuan)生產和消費產業鏈供(gong)應鏈技(ji)術環節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)相關性和相近(jin)性布局(ju)重(zhong)點(dian)技(ji)術創(chuang)新(xin)領域(yu)。

“十四五”時期是(shi)(shi)我國(guo)能(neng)源(yuan)高(gao)質(zhi)量發(fa)展(zhan)的新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)階段，能(neng)源(yuan)安全保(bao)障能(neng)力進一步增強，綠色低碳發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)平進一步提(ti)(ti)高(gao)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型電力系統加快構建，能(neng)源(yuan)產業鏈現代化水(shui)平顯著(zhu)提(ti)(ti)升，預(yu)計到2025年，非化石能(neng)源(yuan)消費比重(zhong)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)到20%左(zuo)右，非化石能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電量比重(zhong)達到39%左(zuo)右。面對新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)形勢、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)目(mu)標，《規(gui)劃(hua)》在構建創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)路徑時，沒有延續“十二(er)五”和“十三五”的編制思路，而是(shi)(shi)充(chong)分銜接配合“十四五”時期能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展(zhan)特點，打(da)破(po)《規(gui)劃(hua)》專題研究的專業局限，聚(ju)焦(jiao)亟需突破(po)的技術(shu)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)難題，分類設計劃(hua)分技術(shu)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)領域。

一是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)重大(da)發(fa)展需(xu)求(qiu)為導向(xiang)，統(tong)籌各能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)分(fen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)在能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)地(di)位(wei)和作用(yong)。可(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)大(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)化、多元化發(fa)展是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)現(xian)雙碳(tan)戰略目標的(de)(de)直(zhi)接路徑，《規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)》聚焦大(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)高(gao)(gao)比例可(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)，將水能(neng)(neng)(neng)、風能(neng)(neng)(neng)、太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)、生(sheng)物質能(neng)(neng)(neng)、地(di)熱(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)以(yi)及(ji)海洋能(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)劃(hua)分(fen)為入“先進可(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)綜合利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)”中(zhong)。傳統(tong)化石能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)托底保(bao)障(zhang)我國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)現(xian)實(shi)要(yao)求(qiu)，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)防范化解電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)安(an)全(quan)保(bao)供(gong)風險(xian)的(de)(de)重要(yao)舉措，因(yin)此，以(yi)保(bao)障(zhang)油(you)氣供(gong)應安(an)全(quan)和聚焦煤炭綠(lv)色(se)(se)低碳(tan)高(gao)(gao)效利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)為主(zhu)線(xian)，《規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)》劃(hua)分(fen)設置(zhi)了(le)“綠(lv)色(se)(se)高(gao)(gao)效化石能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)”技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)領域(yu)。我國(guo)已經提(ti)(ti)出了(le)構建以(yi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為主(zhu)體的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，從(cong)結(jie)構特征(zheng)(zheng)看，在新(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)綠(lv)色(se)(se)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)將成為主(zhu)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)可(ke)靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)支撐。從(cong)形態特征(zheng)(zheng)看，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網荷(he)融合互動，“大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網”與(yu)“分(fen)布式系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)”兼(jian)容互補。從(cong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)特征(zheng)(zheng)看，新(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)各環節(jie)全(quan)面數字化，調(diao)控體系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)高(gao)(gao)度智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化。因(yin)此，從(cong)傳統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)過渡到新(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，還(huan)有(you)大(da)量(liang)涉(she)及(ji)到材料(liao)裝備(bei)、系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)設計、運(yun)行機制相關的(de)(de)基礎理論研(yan)究及(ji)工程實(shi)踐(jian)有(you)待開(kai)展，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一項(xiang)龐大(da)的(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)深入研(yan)究的(de)(de)重大(da)課題。此外，儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)可(ke)靠容量(liang)支撐、保(bao)障(zhang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消納，實(shi)現(xian)跨季節(jie)長時間尺度能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)轉移(yi)的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)環節(jie)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)障(zhang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)安(an)全(quan)穩定運(yun)行的(de)(de)重要(yao)元素。因(yin)此，《規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)》圍(wei)繞大(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)發(fa)并網和先進儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，劃(hua)分(fen)設置(zhi)了(le)“新(xin)(xin)(xin)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)及(ji)其支撐技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)”。

二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指向(xiang)明確、精準聚焦，對智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)技(ji)術(shu)集(ji)中化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、分(fen)層(ceng)(ceng)次布(bu)局(ju)(ju)。隨著(zhu)數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產業(ye)蓬勃發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)行(xing)業(ye)與(yu)(yu)(yu)新(xin)一(yi)代信息技(ji)術(shu)融(rong)合(he)已然大勢所(suo)趨，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)推(tui)動(dong)傳(chuan)統(tong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)產業(ye)轉型升級的(de)關(guan)鍵載體(ti)，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)催(cui)生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)行(xing)業(ye)新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)、新(xin)模式、新(xin)業(ye)態的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)動(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。《規劃(hua)》對能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)技(ji)術(shu)”技(ji)術(shu)領域的(de)劃(hua)分(fen)布(bu)局(ju)(ju)主(zhu)要(yao)考慮以下(xia)三方(fang)面：一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)當前我(wo)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)基(ji)礎仍然相對薄弱，亟(ji)需構建適(shi)用(yong)于能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)共(gong)性關(guan)鍵技(ji)術(shu)體(ti)系(xi)；二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)行(xing)業(ye)與(yu)(yu)(yu)數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)融(rong)合(he)程(cheng)度(du)不高(gao)，制(zhi)(zhi)約了(le)(le)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)產業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)要(yao)素的(de)有序合(he)理流動(dong)和高(gao)效協作(zuo)，限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)了(le)(le)全產業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)總體(ti)資源(yuan)配置效率，應積極(ji)構建數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)行(xing)業(ye)深度(du)融(rong)合(he)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)體(ti)系(xi)；三是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)手(shou)段是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)賦能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)傳(chuan)統(tong)產業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)高(gao)端化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)途徑，近年(nian)來(lai)(lai)涌現了(le)(le)基(ji)于數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)體(ti)系(xi)下(xia)的(de)綜合(he)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)服務、虛擬電廠、供需互動(dong)等能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)新(xin)模式、新(xin)業(ye)態，這(zhe)些都將(jiang)在未來(lai)(lai)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)我(wo)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)產業(ye)新(xin)的(de)增長(chang)極(ji)，也(ye)將(jiang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)統(tong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)產業(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)高(gao)端化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)支點。因(yin)此，《規劃(hua)》將(jiang)可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)、煤炭、油氣、核(he)電、電力系(xi)統(tong)涉(she)及到(dao)數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)內容統(tong)籌到(dao)“能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)數字(zi)(zi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)技(ji)術(shu)”技(ji)術(shu)領域中，按照基(ji)礎共(gong)性、行(xing)業(ye)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)升級、智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧系(xi)統(tong)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)三個維度(du)分(fen)層(ceng)(ceng)布(bu)局(ju)(ju)且單獨成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)章。

三是(shi)(shi)找準氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)現(xian)代能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)系中的(de)(de)定(ding)位，以(yi)(yi)相關創新領域布局科學引導發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)向。氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)作為一種(zhong)清潔能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)載體(ti)(ti)，一方(fang)面(mian)應(ying)用廣泛，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與交通、工業、建筑行業的(de)(de)互補融合(he)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)各行業融合(he)互聯以(yi)(yi)及協(xie)調、高效(xiao)、低碳發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，另(ling)一方(fang)面(mian)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)跨(kua)時間、跨(kua)空間轉移，破解可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)間歇(xie)性(xing)、波動性(xing)帶來的(de)(de)消納難(nan)題(ti)。但是(shi)(shi)，氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)揮以(yi)(yi)上(shang)兩方(fang)面(mian)重(zhong)要(yao)作用有一個重(zhong)要(yao)前(qian)提，就是(shi)(shi)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)來源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)必須由(you)可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)制(zhi)得，而當前(qian)，受(shou)制(zhi)于技(ji)術(shu)成熟度(du)和(he)經濟性(xing)的(de)(de)原因，氫(qing)(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)主要(yao)來源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)仍(reng)然是(shi)(shi)傳統化石能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。“十二五”和(he)“十三五”時期(qi)，氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)主要(yao)作為戰略新興(xing)產(chan)業的(de)(de)定(ding)位鼓勵發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，隨著近年來氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)屬性(xing)逐漸凸顯，其在(zai)現(xian)代能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)系中的(de)(de)地位和(he)作用進一步明確(que)，《規劃》將“氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)燃料電(dian)池技(ji)術(shu)”重(zhong)點任(ren)務部署在(zai)“先進可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)及綜(zong)合(he)利用技(ji)術(shu)”技(ji)術(shu)領域中，這充分說明由(you)可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)制(zhi)得的(de)(de)綠氫(qing)(qing)(qing)是(shi)(shi)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)制(zhi)、儲、運、用各產(chan)業鏈環節開展(zhan)技(ji)術(shu)創新應(ying)用的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)前(qian)提。