“雙碳”目標下,如何推動能源技術區域綜合示范丨科技支撐“雙碳”目標實現
2022-07-11 1009 gjys004
朱漢雄1 王 一1 茹(ru) 加2 曹(cao)大泉2 任曉(xiao)光1 何京東2 陳海生(sheng)2 蔡 睿1 劉中民(min)1*
1 中國科學院大連化學物理研究所
2 中(zhong)國(guo)科學(xue)院 重大科技任務局
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“雙碳”能源技術區(qu)域(yu)綜合示范的意義
“雙碳(tan)”能源技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)綜合示(shi)范(fan)(fan)是指針對典型(xing)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)資源和產業(ye)特征(zheng)及發展所面(mian)臨的(de)問題,專門制(zhi)定系統性技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)方案和產業(ye)發展路(lu)徑,通(tong)過“技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)集成示(shi)范(fan)(fan)”探(tan)索典型(xing)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)低碳(tan)化高質量發展新途徑,為促進全國“雙碳(tan)”目標的(de)實現(xian)提供(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)和思路(lu)。技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)集成示(shi)范(fan)(fan)和區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)綜合示(shi)范(fan)(fan)是“雙碳(tan)”能源技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)綜合示(shi)范(fan)(fan)的(de) 2 個基本特征(zheng)。
促進“雙碳”能源技(ji)術的集成示(shi)范(fan)
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“割裂”的能(neng)源系統亟待變革
長期(qi)以來我國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)中,如煤炭、石(shi)油、天然氣、水電、核電、電網等(deng)基于各(ge)(ge)自的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管理體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)形成(cheng)了(le)相對(dui)獨立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。在(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展基礎(chu)較弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背景(jing)下,各(ge)(ge)分(fen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)相對(dui)獨立運(yun)行能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠保障各(ge)(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專業性(xing)(xing),從能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)端保障了(le)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)。但(dan)隨著我國(guo)發(fa)(fa)展進入新(xin)階(jie)段,能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展也進入了(le)新(xin)時代(dai),能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)需(xu)求及能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生態環境外部效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)對(dui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)提出(chu)了(le)更(geng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)要(yao)求,能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)各(ge)(ge)分(fen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨立優(you)(you)化運(yun)行已經(jing)難以滿足經(jing)濟社會發(fa)(fa)展對(dui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)“清潔低碳、安(an)全高(gao)(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)要(yao)求。因(yin)而,需(xu)要(yao)對(dui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)進行變革(ge)(ge),開展“能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)”。理論上,從能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)需(xu)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度,各(ge)(ge)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)提供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服務(wu)比較一致(zhi),無外乎電力、熱力、動力和化學品。既然能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)服務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)相同,從系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度就存在(zai)“合并同類(lei)(lei)(lei)項(xiang)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)化空間,如通過技(ji)(ji)術創(chuang)新(xin),可推(tui)動各(ge)(ge)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)分(fen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)相對(dui)優(you)(you)勢(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)互補融(rong)合,對(dui)沖消(xiao)除各(ge)(ge)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)種類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劣勢(shi),從而提升系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)效(xiao)(xiao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),這具有巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術創(chuang)新(xin)空間。實際上,由于煤、油、氣、風、光(guang)、水、核等(deng)各(ge)(ge)分(fen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)相對(dui)獨立,存在(zai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)壁壘,難以“合并同類(lei)(lei)(lei)項(xiang)”,導(dao)致(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)結構性(xing)(xing)矛盾突出(chu),整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)效(xiao)(xiao)率不(bu)高(gao)(gao)(gao),這已經(jing)成(cheng)為(wei)制約我國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)質量發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心問題。能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)條塊(kuai)割(ge)裂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)除了(le)管理體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、政策體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史沿革(ge)(ge)外,更(geng)為(wei)根本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)在(zai)于缺(que)乏能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)聯系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)不(bu)同能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)種類(lei)(lei)(lei)、打破系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)壁壘、促進多能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)互補融(rong)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵技(ji)(ji)術。因(yin)此,必(bi)須將能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)(ji)術革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)放在(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心位置,以能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)技(ji)(ji)術革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)推(tui)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)。
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多能融合是解決(jue)能源(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)條塊割裂的有效理念
以中國科學(xue)院為(wei)代(dai)表的(de)(de)(de)一批(pi)國內能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)領域的(de)(de)(de)科研機構(gou)經過(guo)多(duo)年研究,針對現有能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)中系(xi)統(tong)割裂的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題,提(ti)出通過(guo)技術創新(xin)(xin)實現多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)間互補(bu)融合(he)的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)融合(he)理念(nian),布局并積累了一批(pi)多(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)融合(he)技術。多(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)融合(he)是指綜合(he)考慮能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在加工利用(yong)過(guo)程(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)屬(shu)性和(he)(he)物質(zhi)(原料(liao)/材料(liao))屬(shu)性,通過(guo)新(xin)(xin)技術、新(xin)(xin)模式破除各能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)類之(zhi)間條塊(kuai)分割、互相(xiang)獨立的(de)(de)(de)技術和(he)(he)體(ti)制壁壘,促進化(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與非化(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、各能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)分系(xi)統(tong)之(zhi)間、各能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)加工利用(yong)不同過(guo)程(cheng)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量流、物質(zhi)流和(he)(he)信(xin)息流的(de)(de)(de)互補(bu)融合(he),實現能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)、物質(zhi)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)、環(huan)境(jing)效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)、生態效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)、經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)和(he)(he)社會(hui)效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)等多(duo)目(mu)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)優化(hua)。
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多(duo)能(neng)融合技(ji)術是實現多(duo)能(neng)融合理念的根本途徑
中國(guo)科學院根(gen)據已有(you)研究,提出“四主線(xian)、四平臺”的多能(neng)融(rong)合(he)技術體系。“四主線(xian)”即4條(tiao)技術主線(xian),分(fen)別為(wei):
1. 化石能源清(qing)潔高效利用(yong)與耦合替代;
2. 非化石(shi)能(neng)源(yuan)多能(neng)互補(bu)與規模應用;
3. 工業低碳/零碳流(liu)程(cheng)再造(zao);
4. 數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)/智能(neng)化(hua)集(ji)成優化(hua)。
“四平臺”即在多(duo)(duo)能融合(he)(he)技(ji)術主線中發揮“紐(niu)帶”作用的平臺性技(ji)術,分別為:合(he)(he)成氣/甲醇(chun)、儲能、氫能、二氧化碳。以上 4 條主線重點依托 4 個平臺,從而實現多(duo)(duo)能融合(he)(he)(圖(tu) 1)。
圖1 “四主線、四平臺”的多(duo)能融合技術(shu)體系
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中國(guo)科學(xue)院在開展多(duo)能融合關鍵核心技術突破(po)行動的基礎上(shang)更強調技術集成示范
隨著(zhu)“雙(shuang)碳(tan)”行動計劃開展,中國科學院整合集結精銳力量,圍繞多能(neng)融合“四主線、四平(ping)臺(tai)”體(ti)系,在(zai)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)領(ling)域(yu)實(shi)施了(le)化(hua)石(shi)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)高效清潔利用、可再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)、先進核(he)(he)能(neng)、儲能(neng)與多能(neng)融合 4 個方面的(de)關鍵(jian)(jian)核(he)(he)心(xin)技(ji)術突破行動,預期將產生一大批旨在(zai)解決(jue)“雙(shuang)碳(tan)”目(mu)(mu)標實(shi)現面臨的(de)關鍵(jian)(jian)核(he)(he)心(xin)問(wen)題的(de)技(ji)術和(he)裝備。但是(shi),我(wo)們也(ye)認識到,僅有單項(xiang)關鍵(jian)(jian)核(he)(he)心(xin)技(ji)術的(de)突破還難以支撐(cheng)經濟社會系統(tong)性變革。這(zhe)也(ye)造成了(le)長期以來我(wo)國原始(shi)創新(xin)成果與產業技(ji)術、區域(yu)發展需求存(cun)在(zai)脫(tuo)節(jie)現象。為(wei)此,本文(wen)提出(chu)通過(guo)系統(tong)設計,推動多種技(ji)術的(de)集成示范(fan),研究跨(kua)(kua)技(ji)術、跨(kua)(kua)系統(tong)、跨(kua)(kua)領(ling)域(yu)、跨(kua)(kua)行業的(de)優化(hua)組(zu)合,最終形成適用不(bu)用場景綠色(se)低碳(tan)發展的(de)系統(tong)方案,支撐(cheng)不(bu)同場景下(xia)“雙(shuang)碳(tan)”目(mu)(mu)標實(shi)現。
促(cu)進典型區域“雙碳”能源技術(shu)的(de)綜合(he)示范
我國(guo)幅員遼闊,能(neng)源(yuan)生產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)與消費地(di)(di)(di),以(yi)及(ji)東、中、西(xi)部各(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)能(neng)源(yuan)狀況、產(chan)業結構(gou)(gou)、經濟(ji)社會(hui)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)水平不同且極不均衡。因(yin)此(ci),難(nan)以(yi)用一套(tao)技(ji)術(shu)方(fang)案實(shi)(shi)現全國(guo)所(suo)有(you)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)“雙碳(tan)”目(mu)標的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)現,必須因(yin)地(di)(di)(di)制(zhi)宜、分(fen)類施策。國(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)(yuan)《2030 年(nian)前碳(tan)達峰行動方(fang)案》指(zhi)出,“各(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)要(yao)準確把握(wo)自身(shen)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)定位,結合本地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)經濟(ji)社會(hui)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)實(shi)(shi)際和資源(yuan)環境稟(bing)賦,堅持分(fen)類施策、因(yin)地(di)(di)(di)制(zhi)宜、上下聯動,梯次有(you)序推進碳(tan)達峰”,并(bing)根據產(chan)業、能(neng)源(yuan)、碳(tan)排放情況初步區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)分(fen)了 4 類地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),分(fen)別為碳(tan)排放已經基(ji)本穩定的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),產(chan)業結構(gou)(gou)較輕、能(neng)源(yuan)結構(gou)(gou)較優的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),產(chan)業結構(gou)(gou)偏(pian)(pian)重、能(neng)源(yuan)結構(gou)(gou)偏(pian)(pian)煤(mei)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),以(yi)及(ji)資源(yuan)型(xing)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。“雙碳(tan)”行動計劃將基(ji)于中國(guo)科學院(yuan)(yuan)已有(you)院(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)合作基(ji)礎,在各(ge)(ge)類地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)中選(xuan)擇一批(pi)典型(xing)的(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域,通(tong)過具(ju)體(ti)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域場景的(de)(de)分(fen)析,組合集聚一批(pi)科研(yan)力量和技(ji)術(shu),通(tong)過試(shi)驗示范形(xing)成(cheng)一批(pi)適用不同區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域的(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)解(jie)決(jue)方(fang)案,并(bing)以(yi)點帶面,帶動全國(guo)整體(ti)“雙碳(tan)”目(mu)標的(de)(de)達成(cheng)。此(ci)外,各(ge)(ge)系(xi)統(tong)解(jie)決(jue)方(fang)案中針對具(ju)體(ti)問題形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)單項技(ji)術(shu)也(ye)能(neng)運用到其(qi)他地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),形(xing)成(cheng)“分(fen)能(neng)解(jie)決(jue)具(ju)體(ti)問題,合能(neng)實(shi)(shi)現系(xi)統(tong)優化”的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)體(ti)系(xi)。
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多能融合(he)(he)技術綜合(he)(he)示范典型案(an)例思考
多(duo)(duo)能融合(he)理(li)(li)念(nian)和(he)(he)4條(tiao)技術(shu)主線(xian),不僅涉及眾多(duo)(duo)關鍵核心技術(shu)的突(tu)破,還需要選取典(dian)型(xing)區域(yu)應用場(chang)景(jing),推進多(duo)(duo)種技術(shu)的集成(cheng)優化,提高技術(shu)方案的問題導向和(he)(he)目標(biao)(biao)導向。本文(wen)圍繞多(duo)(duo)能融合(he)理(li)(li)念(nian)與技術(shu)主線(xian),基于中國科(ke)學院(yuan)大(da)連化學物理(li)(li)研究所(suo)(以下(xia)簡(jian)稱(cheng)“大(da)連化物所(suo)”)近年來的院(yuan)地合(he)作(zuo)工作(zuo)和(he)(he)研究布局,對(dui)陜北、遼寧、山東 3 個典(dian)型(xing)區域(yu)綜合(he)示范(fan)的背景(jing)、目標(biao)(biao)和(he)(he)技術(shu)路(lu)徑(jing)進行(xing)闡述(shu)。
陜北(bei)高碳資源(yuan)地(di)區(qu)低(di)碳化發展的減(jian)碳示范(fan)
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示范(fan)區(qu)建設基礎與定位
“雙碳”目(mu)標下,以陜北榆林(lin)為代表的化石能源(yuan)資源(yuan)富集區綠(lv)色低碳轉型(xing)要求(qiu)迫切。陜(shan)北榆(yu)林是(shi)(shi)我(wo)國(guo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源“金三角”的(de)重要組成(cheng)部分,被賦予了多項國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源安全(quan)(quan)保(bao)障任(ren)務,是(shi)(shi)我(wo)國(guo)“西(xi)(xi)煤東運”“西(xi)(xi)氣東輸”“西(xi)(xi)電東送(song)”的(de)重要基地,是(shi)(shi)國(guo)家(jia)現代煤化(hua)工(gong)(gong)示范基地。但(dan)是(shi)(shi),該區域(yu)資(zi)(zi)源富集與生態環境脆弱并(bing)存,人(ren)均(jun)水(shui)資(zi)(zi)源量低于全(quan)(quan)國(guo)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping),開發和(he)保(bao)護矛盾突(tu)出;能(neng)(neng)(neng)源化(hua)工(gong)(gong)產(chan)業(ye)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng)體處于中低端,科(ke)技(ji)創新(xin)力度亟待提升;能(neng)(neng)(neng)源產(chan)業(ye)結構以煤及煤加工(gong)(gong)為(wei)主,能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗、污染物(wu)和(he)碳(tan)排(pai)放(fang)等要素制約凸(tu)顯。根(gen)據估(gu)算(suan),2020 年榆(yu)林全(quan)(quan)市(shi)碳(tan)排(pai)放(fang)量約 1.6 億噸(dun)二氧化(hua)碳(tan),單位國(guo)內生產(chan)總(zong)值(GDP)碳(tan)排(pai)放(fang)近 4 噸(dun)/萬(wan)元(約為(wei)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de) 4 倍),人(ren)均(jun)碳(tan)排(pai)放(fang)達到 45 噸(dun)/人(ren)(約為(wei)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de) 6.3 倍),低碳(tan)轉型要求尤其(qi)迫切。
榆林具(ju)有獨特(te)的資源優勢和產業特(te)點,具(ju)備開展多能(neng)融(rong)合示范的基礎和條件。
1. 榆林煤、油、氣、風、光等能(neng)源資源富集(ji),是國內(nei)罕見的(de)多種能(neng)源資源富集(ji)區,這為(wei)多能(neng)融(rong)合技術與(yu)產業(ye)示范提供了資源條件。
2. 榆林已(yi)建(jian)成以煤、油、氣開發為(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎,電力、化工、載(zai)能工業(ye)為(wei)(wei)主導的能源(yuan)工業(ye)體系和產業(ye)集群,為(wei)(wei)多(duo)能融合技術示(shi)范提供了(le)豐(feng)富場景(jing)。
3. 榆林(lin)已經(jing)是國內能(neng)源技(ji)術創新(xin)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)試驗和(he)(he)推廣(guang)區。已經(jing)承接和(he)(he)完成了(le)(le)多(duo)項(xiang)(xiang)國家級工(gong)業(ye)(ye)示(shi)范(fan)項(xiang)(xiang)目,形(xing)成了(le)(le)多(duo)項(xiang)(xiang)自主知識產(chan)權煤化工(gong)核心技(ji)術,在(zai)(zai)研在(zai)(zai)試在(zai)(zai)建(jian)多(duo)個(ge)國際國內首臺(套)設施設備(bei),并集聚了(le)(le)中國科學院在(zai)(zai)內的(de)眾(zhong)多(duo)科研機構(gou)、高校和(he)(he)能(neng)源企(qi)業(ye)(ye);初步形(xing)成了(le)(le)以(yi)大(da)型能(neng)源企(qi)業(ye)(ye)為(wei)主體,重(zhong)大(da)項(xiang)(xiang)目為(wei)龍頭,協同推進(jin)先進(jin)技(ji)術的(de)研發(fa)、試驗、工(gong)業(ye)(ye)化示(shi)范(fan)和(he)(he)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)化推廣(guang)的(de)技(ji)術研發(fa)體系,人才集聚效(xiao)應逐(zhu)步顯現,可為(wei)示(shi)范(fan)區建(jian)設提供關鍵的(de)科技(ji)支(zhi)撐。
4. 以榆林為代表(biao)的西部資源(yuan)富(fu)集(ji)地(di)區,是(shi)我國(guo)未來(lai)能(neng)源(yuan)安全(quan)保障、區域(yu)發展和(he)“雙碳”目(mu)(mu)標(biao)實(shi)現矛盾最為尖(jian)銳的地(di)區,可能(neng)是(shi)“雙碳”目(mu)(mu)標(biao)實(shi)現的最困(kun)難區域(yu),具(ju)有重大示(shi)范(fan)意義。
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示(shi)范區建(jian)設思路
基于(yu)榆林地(di)區基礎和綠色低(di)碳發(fa)展需求(qiu),作者(zhe)提出集結中國(guo)科(ke)學院優勢力量,圍繞化石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)清潔高效(xiao)開發(fa)利用與耦合替代(dai)、可再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)多(duo)能(neng)(neng)互補與規模應用、低(di)碳化智能(neng)(neng)化多(duo)能(neng)(neng)融合與區域示(shi)范 3 個方面,創(chuang)建(jian)以多(duo)能(neng)(neng)融合為特(te)征、以能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)技術革命(ming)(ming)為引(yin)領,協同(tong)推(tui)進能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)生產、消費和體制革命(ming)(ming)的能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)革命(ming)(ming)創(chuang)新示(shi)范區。
1. 推動化石能(neng)源(yuan)清潔高效開發利用與耦合替(ti)代示范。立足榆林“富油(you)煤(mei)(mei)”資源(yuan)優勢和(he)國家級(ji)煤(mei)(mei)制(zhi)(zhi)油(you)氣(qi)戰略(lve)基地定位(wei)要求,在(zai)煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)綠色開采、煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)轉(zhuan)化(hua)利(li)用、高(gao)效燃燒發(fa)電(dian)與(yu)(yu)供熱、大宗廢(fei)棄物處理與(yu)(yu)利(li)用 4 個領域推進(jin)現有技(ji)術(shu)升級(ji)示(shi)(shi)范和(he)跨(kua)產(chan)業(ye)融合(he)示(shi)(shi)范,重點推進(jin)如煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)高(gao)效開采及智能礦山建設、煤(mei)(mei)提取焦(jiao)油(you)與(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)合(he)成氣(qi)一(yi)體化(hua)計劃、煤(mei)(mei)油(you)共(gong)煉(lian)技(ji)術(shu)、新一(yi)代(dai)甲醇制(zhi)(zhi)烯烴技(ji)術(shu)、甲醇制(zhi)(zhi)乙醇技(ji)術(shu)、煤(mei)(mei)基合(he)成氣(qi)一(yi)步法制(zhi)(zhi)烯烴技(ji)術(shu)、煤(mei)(mei)炭(tan)(tan)超臨(lin)界水(shui)氣(qi)化(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)氫發(fa)電(dian)多聯(lian)產(chan)技(ji)術(shu)、煤(mei)(mei)基固廢(fei)協(xie)同(tong)活化(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)備生態環保(bao)材料技(ji)術(shu)等先進(jin)技(ji)術(shu)的示(shi)(shi)范。
2. 推動可再生能(neng)源多(duo)能(neng)互補與規模應用示范。立足(zu)構建(jian)以(yi)新能(neng)源為主體的新型電(dian)力系(xi)統(tong),加(jia)速研(yan)究可再生(sheng)能(neng)源高效(xiao)利用(yong)和多能(neng)互補技術(shu)的研(yan)發示范(fan),攻克更高效(xiao)、更低成本太陽能(neng)電(dian)池技術(shu)及產業化應用(yong)、光(guang)伏直流升壓并(bing)網、不同類型風電(dian)場運行(xing)優(you)化及運維(wei)、大功率風電(dian)機組設計優(you)化與電(dian)氣控制、煤(mei)礦(kuang)井下分散式抽水蓄能(neng)和太陽能(neng)集熱(re)儲熱(re)多能(neng)互補零碳供熱(re)等技術(shu),推(tui)動可再生(sheng)能(neng)源大規模、高比例應用(yong)。
3.推動(dong)低碳化智能化多能融合與區(qu)域(yu)示范。借助(zhu)綠(lv)氫、綠(lv)電、綠(lv)氧(yang)(yang)等可(ke)(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為基(ji)礎的(de)(de)低(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)載體,通(tong)過(guo)互聯(lian)網(wang)、大數據、人工智能(neng)(neng)、第五代移(yi)動通(tong)信(5G)等智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)技術(shu),加(jia)速多能(neng)(neng)融合過(guo)程;提高(gao)煤(mei)炭作為化(hua)(hua)(hua)工原料的(de)(de)綜合利(li)用效能(neng)(neng),促進煤(mei)炭原料化(hua)(hua)(hua)利(li)用和二氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)資源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)利(li)用,實現二氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)減排(pai)和負排(pai)。例如,在(zai)園區級化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)與可(ke)(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)低(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)融合示范(fan)方面,打造(zao)面向碳(tan)(tan)(tan)中和目標(biao)的(de)(de)高(gao)值低(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)含氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)合物產(chan)業園區,開展園區級化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)與可(ke)(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)低(di)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)融合示范(fan),先行先試,為煤(mei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工產(chan)業走出一條(tiao)兼顧經濟性(xing)、創新性(xing)及可(ke)(ke)(ke)持續性(xing)的(de)(de)新路。
遼寧高(gao)碳(tan)產業地區(qu)能(neng)源(yuan)轉(zhuan)型升級的控碳(tan)示(shi)范
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示范(fan)區(qu)建設基礎與(yu)定位
“雙碳(tan)”目標下,遼(liao)寧面(mian)臨著發(fa)展與(yu)減排(pai)的(de)問題,急需貫(guan)徹新發(fa)展理念、積極調(diao)整(zheng)經(jing)濟(ji)與(yu)產(chan)業結構,有效擴大內需、持續(xu)增(zeng)強創新能力,實(shi)現經(jing)濟(ji)綠(lv)色低(di)碳(tan)轉型,為全(quan)國高(gao)碳(tan)產(chan)業地區(qu)能源轉型升級的(de)控碳(tan)示范作出遼(liao)寧貢(gong)獻。遼(liao)寧是(shi)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)工業(ye)基(ji)地、裝備制造基(ji)地、石(shi)化(hua)基(ji)地和鋼鐵生產(chan)基(ji)地,長期以來,承擔著維護(hu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)防安(an)全(quan)、糧食安(an)全(quan)、生態安(an)全(quan)、能源安(an)全(quan)、產(chan)業(ye)安(an)全(quan)的(de)重(zhong)任(ren)。但是(shi),遼(liao)寧也(ye)面(mian)臨著能源消費(fei)偏煤、產(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構偏重(zhong)的(de)問(wen)題。根據初步估算,2018 年遼(liao)寧全(quan)省碳(tan)(tan)排放(fang)約 5.4 億(yi)噸,約占(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內碳(tan)(tan)排放(fang)總量(liang)的(de) 5.4%,在(zai)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo) 31 個省(自治區、直轄市(shi))中居第 6 位(wei);每(mei)萬元 GDP 碳(tan)(tan)排放(fang)量(liang)為 2.3 噸二氧化(hua)碳(tan)(tan),位(wei)居全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)倒數第 6 位(wei)。
基(ji)于遼寧科技(ji)、產業優勢基(ji)礎,建議(yi)遼寧把握戰略機遇,加強頂層設計,打造高碳(tan)(tan)產業地區能源轉型升級(ji)的控碳(tan)(tan)示范。科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)方面,依托大(da)(da)連(lian)化(hua)物所(suo)、中國科(ke)學(xue)院(yuan)沈陽應用生態研(yan)究所(suo)等(deng)中國科(ke)學(xue)院(yuan)在遼(liao)(liao)科(ke)研(yan)機構(gou)和(he)大(da)(da)連(lian)理(li)工(gong)大(da)(da)學(xue)、東北大(da)(da)學(xue)等(deng)高等(deng)院(yuan)校,打(da)造(zao)(zao)面向“雙(shuang)碳(tan)”目標(biao)的科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)策源地(di);產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)礎(chu)方面,依托核電、化(hua)工(gong)、鋼鐵等(deng)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)集(ji)聚優勢和(he)沿海區域優勢,打(da)造(zao)(zao)科(ke)技(ji)支撐(cheng)引(yin)領產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)轉型升(sheng)級示范。通過科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)(chuang)新(xin)(xin)與產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)優勢協同發展,推動遼(liao)(liao)寧突破一批重(zhong)大(da)(da)綠色產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)核心關鍵技(ji)術,建設一批產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)示范基(ji)地(di),加快形成全面支撐(cheng)我(wo)國實(shi)現“雙(shuang)碳(tan)”目標(biao)的技(ji)術體(ti)系(xi),推動能源體(ti)系(xi)及工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)結構(gou)全面升(sheng)級,實(shi)現率先振(zhen)興。
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示范區建設(she)思路
基于遼寧(ning)(ning)產業基礎和轉型升級需求,作者(zhe)提出(chu)遼寧(ning)(ning)可重點圍繞化石能(neng)源清潔高效利用與(yu)耦合(he)替(ti)代、非化石能(neng)源多能(neng)互補與(yu)規模應用、工(gong)業低(di)碳(tan)/零碳(tan)流程再(zai)造 3 個(ge)方面(mian)開(kai)展多能(neng)融合(he)綜合(he)示(shi)范。
1.推動化石能源清(qing)潔高效利用與耦合替代示范。可依(yi)托(tuo)遼寧當地石(shi)化(hua)(hua)基地優勢和(he)技術基礎,結合恒力石(shi)化(hua)(hua)股(gu)份有限公司的企業(ye)前期技術鋪墊和(he)大連化(hua)(hua)物所的技術儲(chu)備,設立區域中(zhong)試(shi)和(he)產業(ye)化(hua)(hua)基地,開展(zhan)石(shi)油(you)化(hua)(hua)工與煤(mei)化(hua)(hua)工多能融(rong)合試(shi)點,推進石(shi)化(hua)(hua)行業(ye)精(jing)細化(hua)(hua)、高端化(hua)(hua)發展(zhan)。
2.推動非化石能源多能互(hu)補與(yu)規(gui)模(mo)應用示(shi)范(fan)。可依托遼寧核電(dian)產業優勢(shi),推進(jin)核能(neng)(neng)(neng)非電(dian)綜合利用(yong)(yong)(yong),如核能(neng)(neng)(neng)供熱(re)、核能(neng)(neng)(neng)高(gao)溫蒸汽制氫(qing)等技術的(de)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)和應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。依托遼寧海上風電(dian)資源(yuan)優勢(shi),推進(jin)風能(neng)(neng)(neng)大(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong),探索海上風電(dian)制氫(qing)新模(mo)式(shi)。針對可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)大(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)高(gao)比例發展要求,可依托大(da)(da)連化物所(suo)的(de)大(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技術優勢(shi),開展以儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)為平(ping)臺的(de)多(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)融合示(shi)(shi)范(fan)。例如,建(jian)設(she)(she)新一代百兆瓦級液流電(dian)池儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)項目(mu),推進(jin)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)池用(yong)(yong)(yong)關鍵材料、核心(xin)部件及電(dian)池系統的(de)設(she)(she)計、優化與集成(cheng)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)示(shi)(shi)范(fan),探索大(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)長周期儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技術對區域(yu)電(dian)網調峰、調頻作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。
3.推(tui)動工業低碳/零碳流程再造示范。可(ke)依托(tuo)遼(liao)寧的大型(xing)鋼(gang)鐵企業(ye)和大連化物所在合成氣(qi)(qi)轉化方面的技(ji)術優(you)勢,推進(jin)能源(yuan)化工與(yu)鋼(gang)鐵行業(ye)融(rong)合發(fa)展(zhan)。例如,積極推進(jin) 20 萬噸/年鋼(gang)廠尾(wei)氣(qi)(qi)制備無水乙醇技(ji)術工業(ye)示范。隨著系列先進(jin)技(ji)術的試驗示范,將有力(li)推動一批(pi)先進(jin)技(ji)術的突破與(yu)產業(ye)化發(fa)展(zhan),推動遼(liao)寧省(sheng)創新(xin)示范基地(di)(di)的建設和東北老工業(ye)基地(di)(di)的振興。
山東新(xin)舊動能轉換(huan)地區推進綠色增(zeng)長的去碳示(shi)范
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示范區建設基礎與定位
山東是我國(guo)能源(yuan)消耗和(he)碳排放量第一(yi)大省,其經濟結(jie)(jie)構、產業結(jie)(jie)構和(he)能源(yuan)消費結(jie)(jie)構與(yu)全國(guo)相似度高,典型示范性強(qiang)。根據山東(dong)省統計數據,山東(dong)化石能(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)費占(zhan)一次(ci)能(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)費約 88%,其(qi)中煤炭消(xiao)(xiao)費占(zhan)比(bi) 67.3%,煤電占(zhan)電力總裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量比(bi)重(zhong) 66%,煤炭的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)費比(bi)重(zhong)過高(gao)。根據初步估算,當前山東(dong)每(mei)年二(er)氧化碳(tan)(tan)排放(fang)(fang)總量約 10 億噸(dun),占(zhan)全國(guo)碳(tan)(tan)排放(fang)(fang)總量 10% 左右,人均排放(fang)(fang)量約 10 噸(dun)二(er)氧化碳(tan)(tan),高(gao)于全國(guo) 7 噸(dun)二(er)氧化碳(tan)(tan)/人的(de)平均水平。山東(dong)能(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)費碳(tan)(tan)排放(fang)(fang)在(zai)全國(guo)碳(tan)(tan)排放(fang)(fang)中的(de)貢獻(xian)占(zhan)比(bi)高(gao),與(yu)其(qi)能(neng)源(yuan)/產(chan)業結構不盡合理、能(neng)源(yuan)及其(qi)相關的(de)工業體系(xi)主要依賴化石資源(yuan)有直接關系(xi)。
結合山(shan)東發展與碳減排(pai)突出矛盾,建議(yi)山(shan)東作為(wei)新舊動(dong)能轉換典型地區推進綠色(se)增長的(de)去碳示范(fan)。以科技創新推(tui)進(jin)能源結構(gou)及產業(ye)結構(gou)調整,實現能源綠色低碳轉型與生態環(huan)境(jing)保護協調共進(jin),為全國能源轉型先行(xing)先試、提供示(shi)范。
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示范區建(jian)設思(si)路
“雙碳”目(mu)標下,山(shan)東(dong)將依托資源優勢和產業(ye)基礎,重點(dian)圍繞(rao)非化石能(neng)源多(duo)能(neng)互補與規模應用、工業(ye)低(di)碳/零碳流程再造 2 個方面(mian)開展(zhan)多(duo)能(neng)融合(he)綜(zong)合(he)示范。
1. 推動非(fei)化(hua)石能源多能互補與規模(mo)應用示(shi)范。開展(zhan)(zhan)以(yi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)風電、光(guang)伏(fu)發電為重點,以(yi)生物(wu)質、地(di)(di)熱(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋能(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)為補充的(de)可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)多(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)互補示范(fan)。重點推進(jin)海(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)風電綜(zong)合(he)利用示范(fan),建(jian)設(she)千(qian)萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)級(ji)海(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)(shang)風電基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di),推動海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋風電+海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋牧場融合(he)發展(zhan)(zhan);建(jian)設(she)百(bai)萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)級(ji)“光(guang)伏(fu)+”基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di),推動千(qian)萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)級(ji)風光(guang)儲輸一體化基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)。因(yin)地(di)(di)制宜建(jian)設(she)生物(wu)質能(neng)(neng)(neng)、海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋能(neng)(neng)(neng)、地(di)(di)熱(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)綜(zong)合(he)利用示范(fan),提升源(yuan)清潔規模(mo)化利用水(shui)平。基(ji)(ji)于(yu)大(da)規模(mo)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)平臺(tai),開展(zhan)(zhan)可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)+大(da)規模(mo)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)綜(zong)合(he)示范(fan),探索連(lian)接清潔電力(li)(li)和(he)(he)火電形成智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化供(gong)(gong)電系統的(de)技術(shu)路(lu)徑和(he)(he)商業模(mo)式,提升電力(li)(li)系統運行效率。基(ji)(ji)于(yu)山東千(qian)萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)級(ji)核(he)電基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)建(jian)設(she)基(ji)(ji)礎,開展(zhan)(zhan)核(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)綜(zong)合(he)利用示范(fan),改(gai)變核(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)單一供(gong)(gong)電用途,發展(zhan)(zhan)核(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)供(gong)(gong)熱(re)、制氫、海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)淡(dan)化等(deng)多(duo)用途應(ying)用。例(li)如,開展(zhan)(zhan)核(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)淡(dan)化+余熱(re)供(gong)(gong)暖“水(shui)熱(re)同(tong)產同(tong)送(song)”的(de)示范(fan),拓展(zhan)(zhan)核(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)供(gong)(gong)暖和(he)(he)核(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)海(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)淡(dan)化新(xin)技術(shu)。
2.推動工業低碳(tan)/零碳(tan)流程(cheng)再造示范。充分利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)山東大(da)規模可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能源(yuan)、核能制(zhi)(zhi)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能力和副產氫(qing)(qing)(qing)資源(yuan),推(tui)動可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能源(yuan)、核能無(wu)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)化(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)綠氫(qing)(qing)(qing),綠氫(qing)(qing)(qing)與石油化(hua)工、煤化(hua)工、鋼鐵等(deng)行業(ye)(ye)耦(ou)合發展的工業(ye)(ye)低碳(tan)(tan)(tan)/零碳(tan)(tan)(tan)流程再造示范,為化(hua)石能源(yuan)與可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能源(yuan)體系融合、工業(ye)(ye)低碳(tan)(tan)(tan)/零碳(tan)(tan)(tan)流程再造提(ti)供探(tan)索。同(tong)時,基于氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能平臺,開展制(zhi)(zhi)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)、儲(運)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)、加氫(qing)(qing)(qing)、用(yong)(yong)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)的全產業(ye)(ye)鏈示范,推(tui)動副產氫(qing)(qing)(qing)純化(hua)、可(ke)再生(sheng)(sheng)能源(yuan)制(zhi)(zhi)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)、管道輸氫(qing)(qing)(qing)、氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能交通(tong)、熱電(dian)聯(lian)供、氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能產業(ye)(ye)鏈數據監控(kong)等(deng)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能生(sheng)(sheng)產和利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)技術的工程化(hua)示范,推(tui)進氫(qing)(qing)(qing)能在交通(tong)、發電(dian)、供能等(deng)多領域全場景的示范推(tui)廣。
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總結與展望
可(ke)以預見,隨著“雙(shuang)碳(tan)(tan)”行(xing)動(dong)計(ji)劃開展,必(bi)然會在能(neng)源各領域(yu)中(zhong)完成一大批關(guan)鍵核心技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)突破。但是(shi),如何以關(guan)鍵技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)突破帶動(dong)產(chan)(chan)業、區(qu)(qu)域(yu)綠色(se)低碳(tan)(tan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)型(xing),切(qie)實(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)以科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)驅動(dong)經濟發(fa)展,支撐國家“雙(shuang)碳(tan)(tan)”目(mu)(mu)(mu)標實(shi)(shi)現(xian),仍然是(shi)“雙(shuang)碳(tan)(tan)”行(xing)動(dong)計(ji)劃實(shi)(shi)施(shi)中(zhong)面(mian)臨的(de)(de)(de)難題,這(zhe)需要(yao)隨著示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)區(qu)(qu)建(jian)設(she)進(jin)程(cheng)動(dong)態評估和(he)調整。本(ben)文提出(chu)以“雙(shuang)碳(tan)(tan)”能(neng)源技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)綜合(he)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)帶動(dong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)集成,協(xie)同解決(jue)典(dian)型(xing)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)重大問(wen)題,形成適(shi)用不同區(qu)(qu)域(yu)條件的(de)(de)(de)“一攬子(zi)”系(xi)統(tong)解決(jue)方(fang)案(an),是(shi)現(xian)階段科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)研發(fa)布局必(bi)須考慮(lv)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題,將能(neng)有效(xiao)加速(su)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變為現(xian)實(shi)(shi)生產(chan)(chan)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)速(su)度,提高“雙(shuang)碳(tan)(tan)”目(mu)(mu)(mu)標科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題導(dao)向(xiang)(xiang)和(he)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標導(dao)向(xiang)(xiang)。需要(yao)指(zhi)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi),“雙(shuang)碳(tan)(tan)”行(xing)動(dong)計(ji)劃綜合(he)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)是(shi)一個開放(fang)、動(dong)態的(de)(de)(de)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)行(xing)動(dong),本(ben)文列舉的(de)(de)(de) 3 個示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)區(qu)(qu)還不能(neng)代表全國所有典(dian)型(xing)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)區(qu)(qu),仍要(yao)發(fa)揮中(zhong)國科(ke)學院全院力(li)量(liang)甚至(zhi)全國科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)研發(fa)力(li)量(liang)一起深入地(di)區(qu)(qu),推進(jin)多個典(dian)型(xing)示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she),為“雙(shuang)碳(tan)(tan)”目(mu)(mu)(mu)標實(shi)(shi)現(xian)提供不同場景的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)解決(jue)方(fang)案(an)。
背景(jing)
2020 年(nian) 9 月 22 日(ri),習近(jin)平主(zhu)席在第七十五屆聯合國(guo)大(da)會一般性辯論上宣布,“中(zhong)國(guo)將(jiang)提高國(guo)家自(zi)主(zhu)貢獻力(li)度,采取更(geng)加有力(li)的(de)政策和措施(shi),二氧(yang)化碳排放力(li)爭于 2030 年(nian)前(qian)達(da)到峰(feng)(feng)值,努(nu)力(li)爭取 2060 年(nian)前(qian)實現碳中(zhong)和”。實現碳達(da)峰(feng)(feng)、碳中(zhong)和目標(以(yi)下簡稱“雙碳”目標)是(shi)(shi)黨(dang)中(zhong)央統籌國(guo)內國(guo)際(ji)兩個大(da)局(ju)作出的(de)重大(da)戰略決(jue)策,是(shi)(shi)我國(guo)推動國(guo)家高質量發展(zhan)的(de)內在需求,事(shi)(shi)關(guan)中(zhong)華民族(zu)永(yong)續發展(zhan),事(shi)(shi)關(guan)人類前(qian)途命(ming)運。
中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)科(ke)學(xue)院(yuan)作為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)戰略(lve)(lve)(lve)科(ke)技(ji)力(li)(li)(li)量(liang)的(de)主(zhu)力(li)(li)(li)軍,為(wei)深(shen)入貫(guan)徹落實黨中(zhong)(zhong)央、國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)關(guan)于碳(tan)達峰、碳(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)的(de)重大(da)決策部署,面(mian)向國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)重大(da)戰略(lve)(lve)(lve)需求,啟動(dong)實施“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)科(ke)學(xue)院(yuan)科(ke)技(ji)支撐碳(tan)達峰碳(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)和(he)戰略(lve)(lve)(lve)行動(dong)計(ji)劃”(以下簡稱“雙碳(tan)”行動(dong)計(ji)劃)。“雙碳(tan)”行動(dong)計(ji)劃以“解決核(he)心(xin)問題為(wei)抓手(shou)”,系統提出(chu)了(le)八大(da)行動(dong)、18 項重點任務,為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)科(ke)學(xue)院(yuan)強化(hua)頂層設(she)(she)計(ji)、聚焦科(ke)技(ji)內涵、注重示(shi)范(fan)應(ying)用(yong)、加(jia)強能力(li)(li)(li)建(jian)設(she)(she)和(he)強化(hua)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際合作等(deng)工(gong)作進行了(le)系統設(she)(she)計(ji);“雙碳(tan)”行動(dong)計(ji)劃將作為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)科(ke)學(xue)院(yuan)服(fu)務國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)“雙碳(tan)”目(mu)標(biao)的(de)綱(gang)領性文件(jian),指導(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)科(ke)學(xue)院(yuan)開(kai)展相關(guan)領域(yu)的(de)改革工(gong)作,使中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)科(ke)學(xue)院(yuan)在(zai)“雙碳(tan)”目(mu)標(biao)實現中(zhong)(zhong)作出(chu)更大(da)創新貢獻,更好地起到國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)戰略(lve)(lve)(lve)科(ke)技(ji)力(li)(li)(li)量(liang)主(zhu)力(li)(li)(li)軍的(de)骨干引(yin)領作用(yong)。本文聚焦“雙碳(tan)”行動(dong)計(ji)劃中(zhong)(zhong)新技(ji)術(shu)綜(zong)合示(shi)范(fan)行動(dong)展開(kai)討論(lun),對不同區域(yu)面(mian)向“雙碳(tan)”目(mu)標(biao)開(kai)展能源技(ji)術(shu)綜(zong)合示(shi)范(fan)的(de)區域(yu)特征、示(shi)范(fan)定位和(he)技(ji)術(shu)路線等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)進行討論(lun),供廣大(da)科(ke)研人員和(he)科(ke)技(ji)管理人員參考。
朱漢(han)雄 中國(guo)科(ke)學院(yuan)(yuan)大連(lian)化學物理研(yan)(yan)(yan)究所能(neng)(neng)(neng)源戰(zhan)略研(yan)(yan)(yan)究中心工程師(shi)。主(zhu)要從事能(neng)(neng)(neng)源系統與(yu)政(zheng)策(ce)分析、能(neng)(neng)(neng)源科(ke)技(ji)戰(zhan)略、能(neng)(neng)(neng)源相關碳排(pai)放估(gu)算(suan)等研(yan)(yan)(yan)究。主(zhu)持中國(guo)科(ke)學院(yuan)(yuan)潔凈能(neng)(neng)(neng)源創(chuang)新研(yan)(yan)(yan)究院(yuan)(yuan)聯(lian)合基金項(xiang)目(mu)1項(xiang),主(zhu)要參與(yu)了中國(guo)科(ke)學院(yuan)(yuan)戰(zhan)略性先導科(ke)技(ji)專項(xiang)(A類)項(xiang)目(mu)“變革性潔凈能(neng)(neng)(neng)源關鍵技(ji)術與(yu)示范(fan)(fan)”的戰(zhan)略研(yan)(yan)(yan)究課題和榆(yu)林市(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源革命創(chuang)新示范(fan)(fan)區創(chuang)建(jian)方(fang)案編制工作。
劉中民 中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)工程院(yuan)院(yuan)士(shi)。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)科學院(yuan)大(da)連化(hua)(hua)學物理(li)研究(jiu)所(suo)所(suo)長,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)科學院(yuan)青島生物能源與過(guo)程研究(jiu)所(suo)所(suo)長,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)科學院(yuan)潔凈(jing)能源創新(xin)研究(jiu)院(yuan)院(yuan)長。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)同盟中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)常委(wei)(wei),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)同盟遼寧省委(wei)(wei)會(hui)副主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)委(wei)(wei),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)同盟大(da)連市委(wei)(wei)會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)委(wei)(wei),大(da)連市政協(xie)副主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)席(xi)。曾榮獲國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)發明獎一(yi)等(deng)(deng)獎、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家科技(ji)(ji)進(jin)步(bu)獎一(yi)等(deng)(deng)獎、何(he)(he)梁何(he)(he)利基金(jin)科學與技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)創新(xin)獎、全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)創新(xin)爭先獎、全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)五一(yi)勞動獎章等(deng)(deng)多項獎勵。長期(qi)從(cong)事能源化(hua)(hua)工領域應用催(cui)化(hua)(hua)研究(jiu)與技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)開發,作(zuo)為技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)總(zong)負責人(ren)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)持完成了多項創新(xin)成果并實(shi)現產業化(hua)(hua)。
文章源自:
朱漢雄, 王一, 茹加, 等(deng). “雙(shuang)碳”目標(biao)下推動能源技(ji)術區域綜合示范(fan)的(de)路徑思考. 中國(guo)科學院院刊, 2022, 37(4): 559-566.