近(jin)日(ri)，國家(jia)發(fa)展改(gai)革委、國家(jia)能源局、工業和(he)信息(xi)化部和(he)市場監管(guan)總(zong)局聯合(he)(he)印發(fa)了《關于加強新能源汽車(che)與電網融(rong)合(he)(he)互(hu)動的實施(shi)意見》（以(yi)下(xia)簡稱《實施(shi)意見》）。《實施(shi)意見》對(dui)推動我國車(che)網融(rong)合(he)(he)互(hu)動作(zuo)出(chu)了哪些部署(shu)？記者專(zhuan)訪(fang)了國家(jia)發(fa)展改(gai)革委、國家(jia)能源局有關負(fu)責同志(zhi)。

　　問：《實(shi)施(shi)意見》的(de)制(zhi)定背景是什(shen)么？

　　答：2020年(nian)(nian)10月，國(guo)務院辦公(gong)廳(ting)印發(fa)(fa)《新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)(che)產業發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)規劃（2021-2035）》（國(guo)辦發(fa)(fa)〔2020〕39號(hao)），提(ti)出(chu)(chu)要(yao)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)(che)與(yu)(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)融合(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，加(jia)強(qiang)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)(che)與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)互(hu)動(dong)(dong)，降低新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)(che)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)成本(ben)，提(ti)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)調(diao)(diao)峰調(diao)(diao)頻(pin)、安全應急等響應能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。2023年(nian)(nian)4月，中(zhong)央政治局(ju)會(hui)議提(ti)出(chu)(chu)要(yao)鞏固和(he)擴大新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)(che)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)優勢；2023年(nian)(nian)5月，國(guo)務院常務會(hui)議提(ti)出(chu)(chu)要(yao)構建“車(che)(che)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)路(lu)云”融合(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的產業生(sheng)態。2023年(nian)(nian)6月，國(guo)務院辦公(gong)廳(ting)印發(fa)(fa)《關于進一步(bu)構建高(gao)質量(liang)充電(dian)(dian)基礎設施(shi)體系的指導(dao)意見》（國(guo)辦發(fa)(fa)〔2023〕19號(hao)），提(ti)出(chu)(chu)要(yao)提(ti)升車(che)(che)網(wang)雙向互(hu)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，大力(li)(li)推(tui)廣應用(yong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)充電(dian)(dian)基礎設施(shi)，強(qiang)化(hua)對電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)行為的調(diao)(diao)控(kong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)網(wang)互(hu)動(dong)(dong)等試點示范(fan)。

　　近年來，我國在充電(dian)峰(feng)谷分時電(dian)價(jia)制(zhi)定推廣、車網互(hu)動(dong)資源聚合參與輔助服務和(he)需求(qiu)(qiu)響應(ying)試點驗(yan)證以及雙向充放電(dian)技術可行性(xing)等方(fang)面工作取得了積極(ji)進展。但(dan)面對下一階段大規模新能源汽車與電(dian)網融合互(hu)動(dong)的需求(qiu)(qiu)，還存(cun)在諸多制(zhi)約，如(ru)車網互(hu)動(dong)技術體系和(he)應(ying)用方(fang)案(an)尚不成熟、關鍵技術標準存(cun)在缺失、充電(dian)峰(feng)谷分時電(dian)價(jia)覆蓋(gai)不全、配(pei)套需求(qiu)(qiu)響應(ying)和(he)電(dian)力交(jiao)易機(ji)制(zhi)尚待健全等。

　　為貫徹落(luo)實(shi)黨中(zhong)央、國務院(yuan)決策部署，充分發(fa)揮新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車在電(dian)化學(xue)儲能體系(xi)中(zhong)的重(zhong)(zhong)要作(zuo)用，推進(jin)產業智(zhi)能化、綠色化、融合化發(fa)展，支(zhi)撐(cheng)新(xin)型能源(yuan)(yuan)體系(xi)和新(xin)型電(dian)力系(xi)統構建(jian)，我們制定印發(fa)了《實(shi)施(shi)意見》，明(ming)確車網(wang)互(hu)動發(fa)展目標和重(zhong)(zhong)點任務，為下一階段各方協同推進(jin)提(ti)供(gong)指(zhi)導遵循。

　　問：推動(dong)車網融合互動(dong)有哪(na)些重要(yao)意(yi)義(yi)？

　　答：主要(yao)有以(yi)下三方面(mian)意義。

　　一是有(you)效(xiao)提升(sheng)配電(dian)網(wang)接入能(neng)力(li)，支撐新能(neng)源汽車(che)產業規模(mo)(mo)化發展(zhan)。隨著新能(neng)源汽車(che)大規模(mo)(mo)發展(zhan)，大量充換(huan)(huan)電(dian)設(she)施(shi)(shi)建設(she)對配電(dian)網(wang)接入能(neng)力(li)造成較大挑戰(zhan)。《實施(shi)(shi)意見》對提升(sheng)充換(huan)(huan)電(dian)設(she)施(shi)(shi)互(hu)動水平、加快智(zhi)能(neng)有(you)序(xu)(xu)充電(dian)標準制定、科學(xue)核定智(zhi)能(neng)有(you)序(xu)(xu)充電(dian)設(she)施(shi)(shi)接入容量等(deng)方面工作(zuo)進(jin)行(xing)了部(bu)署，將有(you)效(xiao)促進(jin)智(zhi)能(neng)有(you)序(xu)(xu)充電(dian)技術的(de)推廣應用，從而大幅提升(sheng)配電(dian)網(wang)對于大規模(mo)(mo)電(dian)動汽車(che)和充換(huan)(huan)電(dian)設(she)施(shi)(shi)的(de)接入能(neng)力(li)。

　　二是激(ji)(ji)發新能源(yuan)(yuan)汽車的(de)靈活(huo)性資源(yuan)(yuan)潛力(li)，支撐(cheng)新型(xing)能源(yuan)(yuan)體系和(he)新型(xing)電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)(tong)構(gou)建。新能源(yuan)(yuan)汽車作(zuo)為可調節負荷(he)和(he)移(yi)動(dong)儲(chu)能資源(yuan)(yuan)，對(dui)于(yu)新型(xing)能源(yuan)(yuan)體系和(he)新型(xing)電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)(tong)建設(she)意(yi)義重(zhong)大(da)。通(tong)過(guo)完(wan)善需求響應(ying)和(he)輔助服務(wu)市(shi)場機制，探索(suo)參與現貨市(shi)場、綠證(zheng)交易、碳交易的(de)實施路(lu)徑(jing)，開展雙向(xiang)充(chong)放電(dian)綜(zong)合示(shi)范，可以(yi)激(ji)(ji)發新能源(yuan)(yuan)汽車作(zuo)為泛在靈活(huo)性資源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)調節潛力(li)，支撐(cheng)新型(xing)能源(yuan)(yuan)體系和(he)新型(xing)電(dian)力(li)系統(tong)(tong)構(gou)建。

　　三(san)是促進產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈技(ji)術體系升級，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)網(wang)(wang)互動(dong)(dong)商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)模(mo)式創(chuang)新。車(che)(che)(che)(che)網(wang)(wang)互動(dong)(dong)技(ji)術涉及(ji)新能源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)、充換電(dian)設(she)施(shi)、電(dian)力系統等(deng)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈多個(ge)環節，通過推(tui)進跨行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)協(xie)同技(ji)術攻關(guan)、構建車(che)(che)(che)(che)網(wang)(wang)互動(dong)(dong)標準體系，可以促進車(che)(che)(che)(che)—樁—網(wang)(wang)技(ji)術產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體系轉(zhuan)型升級，提高新能源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的國際競爭力。通過聚合交易(yi)等(deng)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)環境構建和試點示范創(chuang)建，可激發各(ge)類市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主(zhu)體積(ji)極(ji)性(xing)，積(ji)極(ji)投入高水(shui)平運營與(yu)商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)模(mo)式創(chuang)新。

　　問：《實施意見》的主(zhu)要內容(rong)是(shi)什么？

　　答：《實施意見》明確了車(che)網互動的2個(ge)發展目標和6項(xiang)重點任務。

　　（一(yi)）2個發展目標。一(yi)是到2025年，初步建成(cheng)車(che)網(wang)互動技術標準體(ti)系，全面(mian)實(shi)施和優化(hua)充電(dian)峰谷(gu)分時(shi)電(dian)價，市場機制(zhi)建設和試點示(shi)范取得重要(yao)進展；二是到2030年，我國車(che)網(wang)互動實(shi)現規模化(hua)應用，智能(neng)有序充電(dian)全面(mian)推廣，新能(neng)源汽車(che)成(cheng)為電(dian)化(hua)學儲能(neng)體(ti)系的重要(yao)組成(cheng)部分，力(li)爭為電(dian)力(li)系統提供千(qian)萬千(qian)瓦級的雙向靈活(huo)性調節(jie)能(neng)力(li)。

　　（二(er)）6項重點(dian)任務。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)協(xie)同推進(jin)(jin)車(che)網(wang)(wang)互動(dong)(dong)核(he)心(xin)技術(shu)(shu)攻關(guan)(guan)，推動(dong)(dong)長壽命電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)高頻充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)防護技術(shu)(shu)進(jin)(jin)步；研發車(che)網(wang)(wang)互動(dong)(dong)高效(xiao)(xiao)充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)友好(hao)型(xing)充(chong)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)站(zhan)關(guan)(guan)鍵技術(shu)(shu)；健全(quan)(quan)(quan)聚(ju)合(he)(he)調控和(he)信息安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)等關(guan)(guan)鍵技術(shu)(shu)體(ti)系。二(er)是(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)快建(jian)立車(che)網(wang)(wang)互動(dong)(dong)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)系，加(jia)(jia)快制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)修(xiu)訂車(che)網(wang)(wang)互動(dong)(dong)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)國家和(he)行業(ye)(ye)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)；優先完(wan)成智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)有序場(chang)景(jing)下的關(guan)(guan)鍵技術(shu)(shu)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)修(xiu)訂，力(li)爭2025年底(di)前(qian)完(wan)成雙(shuang)向充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)景(jing)關(guan)(guan)鍵標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)修(xiu)訂；推動(dong)(dong)在(zai)車(che)輛生(sheng)產準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)入以及用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)報(bao)裝等環節(jie)落實智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)有序充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)要求(qiu)；加(jia)(jia)強國際標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)合(he)(he)作，提(ti)升影(ying)響力(li)。三是(shi)(shi)優化完(wan)善配(pei)(pei)套(tao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價和(he)市場(chang)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，力(li)爭2025年底(di)前(qian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面應用居民充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)峰(feng)谷分(fen)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價，持(chi)續優化定價機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，探(tan)(tan)索(suo)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價格；豐(feng)富完(wan)善需(xu)求(qiu)響應和(he)輔助服(fu)務市場(chang)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，探(tan)(tan)索(suo)參與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)現貨市場(chang)、綠證交(jiao)易(yi)、碳交(jiao)易(yi)路徑，驗(yan)(yan)證雙(shuang)向充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等效(xiao)(xiao)儲(chu)能(neng)潛力(li)。四是(shi)(shi)探(tan)(tan)索(suo)開展雙(shuang)向充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)綜合(he)(he)示范，依托公共領域和(he)居民社(she)區等重點(dian)場(chang)景(jing)，打造一(yi)(yi)批雙(shuang)向充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)試(shi)點(dian)示范項目，探(tan)(tan)索(suo)可持(chi)續商(shang)業(ye)(ye)模式，完(wan)善業(ye)(ye)務流程(cheng)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，建(jian)立健全(quan)(quan)(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)質保(bao)體(ti)系，形(xing)成可復(fu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)推廣(guang)的典(dian)型(xing)模式和(he)經驗(yan)(yan)。五是(shi)(shi)積極提(ti)升充(chong)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施互動(dong)(dong)水(shui)平(ping)，加(jia)(jia)快制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定居住(zhu)社(she)區智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施推廣(guang)方(fang)案，原則上(shang)實現新(xin)建(jian)樁全(quan)(quan)(quan)面覆蓋；鼓(gu)勵(li)建(jian)立電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)與(yu)(yu)充(chong)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)站(zhan)高效(xiao)(xiao)互動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，因地制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)建(jian)設光(guang)儲(chu)充(chong)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)化場(chang)站(zhan);研究接(jie)(jie)入容(rong)量(liang)核(he)定方(fang)法和(he)提(ti)升配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)接(jie)(jie)入能(neng)力(li)。六是(shi)(shi)系統(tong)強化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業(ye)(ye)支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)保(bao)障(zhang)能(neng)力(li)，支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)企業(ye)(ye)結合(he)(he)新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)負荷管(guan)理系統(tong)分(fen)階(jie)段做好(hao)車(che)網(wang)(wang)互動(dong)(dong)資(zi)源的接(jie)(jie)入和(he)管(guan)理；進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步完(wan)善車(che)網(wang)(wang)互動(dong)(dong)聚(ju)合(he)(he)交(jiao)易(yi)的基礎支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)和(he)技術(shu)(shu)服(fu)務能(neng)力(li)；加(jia)(jia)快完(wan)善配(pei)(pei)套(tao)并網(wang)(wang)、計(ji)量(liang)、保(bao)護控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)(yu)信息交(jiao)互支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)服(fu)務體(ti)系；優化車(che)網(wang)(wang)互動(dong)(dong)負荷聚(ju)合(he)(he)商(shang)的清分(fen)結算機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

　　問：下(xia)一步如何(he)推動《實施(shi)意見》有效落實？

　　答：國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)發(fa)展改革(ge)委、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)局(ju)將會同有(you)(you)關(guan)部門(men)認真抓好《實施意見》的落實工(gong)作。一是(shi)(shi)要加(jia)強統(tong)籌(chou)協(xie)調，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)發(fa)展改革(ge)委、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)局(ju)負責車網互動(dong)頂層(ceng)設(she)計與統(tong)籌(chou)推進，工(gong)業(ye)和信息化(hua)(hua)部、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)局(ju)負責推動(dong)新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽車、充(chong)換(huan)電設(she)施加(jia)快應用(yong)智能(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)序(xu)充(chong)電功能(neng)(neng)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)管理委員會組織推動(dong)標(biao)準(zhun)體系(xi)建(jian)設(she)。二是(shi)(shi)要壓(ya)實各(ge)方(fang)(fang)責任，各(ge)級(ji)地方(fang)(fang)政府有(you)(you)關(guan)部門(men)要落實主體責任，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)局(ju)派出機(ji)構推動(dong)建(jian)立健全市場機(ji)制(zhi)，電網企(qi)(qi)業(ye)開展配(pei)套電網改造并完善(shan)車網互動(dong)業(ye)務體系(xi)，新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)車企(qi)(qi)、充(chong)電企(qi)(qi)業(ye)等要積極參(can)與生態建(jian)設(she)，行業(ye)協(xie)會要積極搭建(jian)交流平(ping)臺(tai)。三是(shi)(shi)要強化(hua)(hua)試(shi)點示(shi)范(fan)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)發(fa)展改革(ge)委、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)局(ju)等部門(men)將在長三角、珠三角、京津冀魯、川渝等條件相對成熟的地區開展車網互動(dong)規模化(hua)(hua)試(shi)點示(shi)范(fan)，力爭(zheng)2025年底前建(jian)成5個以上(shang)示(shi)范(fan)城市以及50個以上(shang)雙向充(chong)放(fang)電示(shi)范(fan)項目，通過示(shi)范(fan)形成可(ke)復制(zhi)推廣的經驗模式(shi)。

　　最后，國家發(fa)展改革委、國家能源局將(jiang)持(chi)續會同相關部門密切關注各地車網互動(dong)(dong)發(fa)展情況和《實施(shi)意見》落(luo)實情況，根據(ju)新形(xing)勢、新要求(qiu)不斷健全車網互動(dong)(dong)相關政策法規和標準規范體系，引導(dao)市場主體開(kai)展技術和模(mo)式創新，推動(dong)(dong)我(wo)國車網互動(dong)(dong)盡早實現規模(mo)化推廣(guang)和應用(yong)。

（來源：央視網）