近日(ri)，國家(jia)發(fa)展改革委(wei)、國家(jia)能源局(ju)、工業和(he)信息化部和(he)市場監管總局(ju)聯合(he)印發(fa)了(le)(le)《關(guan)于(yu)加強新能源汽車與電網融合(he)互動(dong)(dong)的實施意見(jian)》（以下簡稱《實施意見(jian)》）。《實施意見(jian)》對推動(dong)(dong)我(wo)國車網融合(he)互動(dong)(dong)作出(chu)了(le)(le)哪(na)些部署？記者(zhe)專訪了(le)(le)國家(jia)發(fa)展改革委(wei)、國家(jia)能源局(ju)有關(guan)負責同志。

　　問：《實施(shi)意見》的制定背景(jing)是(shi)什(shen)么？

　　答：2020年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)，國務院辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)廳(ting)(ting)印(yin)發(fa)《新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)產業發(fa)展規劃(hua)（2021-2035）》（國辦(ban)(ban)(ban)發(fa)〔2020〕39號），提(ti)出要(yao)推動新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)與能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)融合(he)發(fa)展，加強新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)與電網(wang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量互動，降低新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)用電成本，提(ti)高(gao)電網(wang)調(diao)峰調(diao)頻、安全應(ying)(ying)急等響(xiang)應(ying)(ying)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力。2023年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)，中(zhong)央政治局會(hui)議提(ti)出要(yao)鞏(gong)固和(he)擴大新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)發(fa)展優(you)勢；2023年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)，國務院常務會(hui)議提(ti)出要(yao)構建“車(che)(che)(che)能(neng)(neng)(neng)路云”融合(he)發(fa)展的產業生態。2023年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)，國務院辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)廳(ting)(ting)印(yin)發(fa)《關于進一步(bu)構建高(gao)質量充(chong)電基礎設施體系的指導意(yi)見》（國辦(ban)(ban)(ban)發(fa)〔2023〕19號），提(ti)出要(yao)提(ti)升車(che)(che)(che)網(wang)雙向(xiang)互動能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，大力推廣應(ying)(ying)用智能(neng)(neng)(neng)充(chong)電基礎設施，強化(hua)對電動汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)充(chong)放電行為的調(diao)控能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，推動車(che)(che)(che)網(wang)互動等試點(dian)示范。

　　近(jin)年(nian)來，我國在充(chong)電峰谷分(fen)時電價制定推廣、車網(wang)互動資源聚合參與(yu)輔(fu)助服務和需求響應(ying)試點驗證(zheng)以及雙向(xiang)充(chong)放電技(ji)(ji)術可行(xing)性(xing)等方面(mian)工作(zuo)取得了積極進(jin)展。但面(mian)對下一(yi)階段大規模新能(neng)源汽車與(yu)電網(wang)融合互動的需求，還存在諸多制約，如(ru)車網(wang)互動技(ji)(ji)術體系和應(ying)用方案尚不(bu)成熟、關鍵技(ji)(ji)術標(biao)準存在缺失(shi)、充(chong)電峰谷分(fen)時電價覆(fu)蓋不(bu)全、配套需求響應(ying)和電力交易機(ji)制尚待健全等。

　　為(wei)貫徹(che)落實黨中央、國務(wu)院決(jue)策部署，充分發揮(hui)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源汽車在電化學儲能(neng)(neng)體系中的重要作用，推(tui)(tui)進產業智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化、綠(lv)色化、融合化發展(zhan)，支撐新(xin)(xin)型能(neng)(neng)源體系和新(xin)(xin)型電力系統構建(jian)，我們制定印發了《實施意見》，明(ming)確車網互(hu)動發展(zhan)目(mu)標和重點任務(wu)，為(wei)下(xia)一階段各(ge)方協同推(tui)(tui)進提供指導(dao)遵循。

　　問：推動車網融合互(hu)動有哪些重要意義？

　　答：主要(yao)有以下三方(fang)面意義。

　　一是(shi)有效提升配電(dian)網(wang)接(jie)入(ru)(ru)能(neng)(neng)力，支撐新能(neng)(neng)源汽(qi)車(che)產(chan)業規(gui)模化(hua)發(fa)展。隨著新能(neng)(neng)源汽(qi)車(che)大規(gui)模發(fa)展，大量(liang)充換電(dian)設施(shi)建(jian)設對(dui)(dui)配電(dian)網(wang)接(jie)入(ru)(ru)能(neng)(neng)力造(zao)成較大挑戰(zhan)。《實施(shi)意(yi)見(jian)》對(dui)(dui)提升充換電(dian)設施(shi)互動(dong)(dong)水(shui)平、加快智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)有序充電(dian)標準制定、科學核定智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)有序充電(dian)設施(shi)接(jie)入(ru)(ru)容量(liang)等方(fang)面(mian)工作進行了部署，將有效促(cu)進智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)有序充電(dian)技術的(de)推(tui)廣應用，從(cong)而大幅(fu)提升配電(dian)網(wang)對(dui)(dui)于大規(gui)模電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)和充換電(dian)設施(shi)的(de)接(jie)入(ru)(ru)能(neng)(neng)力。

　　二是(shi)激(ji)發新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車的靈活性(xing)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)潛力(li)，支撐新(xin)型(xing)(xing)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)和新(xin)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)構(gou)建(jian)。新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車作為可調(diao)節(jie)負荷(he)和移動儲能(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)，對于新(xin)型(xing)(xing)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)和新(xin)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)建(jian)設意義重大。通過完善需求響(xiang)應(ying)和輔(fu)助服務市場(chang)機制，探索(suo)參與現貨市場(chang)、綠證交易(yi)、碳交易(yi)的實施路徑，開(kai)展雙向充放(fang)電(dian)綜合(he)示范，可以(yi)激(ji)發新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車作為泛在靈活性(xing)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的調(diao)節(jie)潛力(li)，支撐新(xin)型(xing)(xing)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)和新(xin)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)構(gou)建(jian)。

　　三是促進產業(ye)(ye)鏈技術(shu)體系升級，推(tui)動(dong)車網互(hu)動(dong)商業(ye)(ye)模式(shi)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)。車網互(hu)動(dong)技術(shu)涉(she)及(ji)新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)汽(qi)車、充(chong)換(huan)電設施、電力(li)系統等(deng)產業(ye)(ye)鏈多個環節(jie)，通(tong)過推(tui)進跨行業(ye)(ye)協同技術(shu)攻關、構(gou)建(jian)(jian)車網互(hu)動(dong)標準體系，可(ke)以促進車—樁—網技術(shu)產業(ye)(ye)體系轉型升級，提高新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)汽(qi)車行業(ye)(ye)的(de)國際競爭力(li)。通(tong)過聚合交易等(deng)市(shi)場(chang)環境構(gou)建(jian)(jian)和試點示范(fan)創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)，可(ke)激發(fa)各類市(shi)場(chang)主體積(ji)極性，積(ji)極投入高水平運營與商業(ye)(ye)模式(shi)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)。

　　問(wen)：《實施意見》的主要內容是(shi)什么？

　　答：《實施意見》明(ming)確(que)了車網互動的2個發(fa)展目標和(he)6項重點任務。

　　（一）2個(ge)發展目標(biao)。一是到2025年，初(chu)步(bu)建成車網互動(dong)技術標(biao)準體系，全(quan)面(mian)實施和優化(hua)充電峰谷(gu)分時電價(jia)，市場(chang)機制建設和試點示(shi)范取得(de)重要進展；二是到2030年，我國車網互動(dong)實現規模化(hua)應用，智能有序充電全(quan)面(mian)推廣(guang)，新能源汽車成為(wei)電化(hua)學儲能體系的(de)重要組(zu)成部(bu)分，力爭為(wei)電力系統提供千萬千瓦級的(de)雙(shuang)向靈活(huo)性調節能力。

　　（二(er)(er)）6項重(zhong)點任務(wu)(wu)。一(yi)(yi)是協同推(tui)進(jin)車(che)(che)網(wang)(wang)(wang)互(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)核(he)心技(ji)(ji)術攻(gong)關(guan)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)長壽(shou)命電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)防護技(ji)(ji)術進(jin)步(bu)；研發車(che)(che)網(wang)(wang)(wang)互(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)高(gao)(gao)效充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)友好型充(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)站(zhan)關(guan)鍵技(ji)(ji)術；健全(quan)(quan)(quan)聚(ju)合(he)(he)(he)調控和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)信息(xi)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)等關(guan)鍵技(ji)(ji)術體(ti)系(xi)(xi)。二(er)(er)是加(jia)快建立(li)車(che)(che)網(wang)(wang)(wang)互(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)標(biao)準(zhun)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)，加(jia)快制(zhi)(zhi)修訂車(che)(che)網(wang)(wang)(wang)互(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)相關(guan)國家(jia)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)標(biao)準(zhun)；優(you)(you)(you)先完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)智能(neng)有序(xu)場(chang)景(jing)下的(de)關(guan)鍵技(ji)(ji)術標(biao)準(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)修訂，力爭(zheng)2025年(nian)底前完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)雙(shuang)向充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)景(jing)關(guan)鍵標(biao)準(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)修訂；推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)在車(che)(che)輛生產準(zhun)入(ru)(ru)以(yi)及用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)報裝等環節落(luo)實(shi)智能(neng)有序(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標(biao)準(zhun)要求；加(jia)強(qiang)國際(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)合(he)(he)(he)作，提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)影響力。三是優(you)(you)(you)化完(wan)善配套電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)市場(chang)機制(zhi)(zhi)，力爭(zheng)2025年(nian)底前全(quan)(quan)(quan)面應用(yong)(yong)居(ju)民(min)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)峰(feng)谷(gu)分時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價，持(chi)(chi)續(xu)優(you)(you)(you)化定(ding)價機制(zhi)(zhi)，探(tan)(tan)索對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價格(ge)；豐富(fu)完(wan)善需求響應和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)輔助服務(wu)(wu)市場(chang)機制(zhi)(zhi)，探(tan)(tan)索參與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力現貨市場(chang)、綠(lv)證(zheng)交易、碳交易路徑，驗(yan)證(zheng)雙(shuang)向充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等效儲能(neng)潛力。四是探(tan)(tan)索開(kai)展雙(shuang)向充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)綜合(he)(he)(he)示范，依托(tuo)公共領域和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)居(ju)民(min)社區(qu)等重(zhong)點場(chang)景(jing)，打造一(yi)(yi)批雙(shuang)向充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)試點示范項目，探(tan)(tan)索可(ke)持(chi)(chi)續(xu)商(shang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)模式，完(wan)善業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)流程機制(zhi)(zhi)，建立(li)健全(quan)(quan)(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)質保體(ti)系(xi)(xi)，形成(cheng)(cheng)可(ke)復制(zhi)(zhi)推(tui)廣的(de)典(dian)型模式和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)經驗(yan)。五是積極提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)施(shi)互(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)水平，加(jia)快制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)居(ju)住社區(qu)智能(neng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)施(shi)推(tui)廣方(fang)案，原則上實(shi)現新建樁全(quan)(quan)(quan)面覆(fu)蓋；鼓(gu)勵建立(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)與(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)站(zhan)高(gao)(gao)效互(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機制(zhi)(zhi)，因地制(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)建設(she)(she)光儲充(chong)(chong)(chong)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)化場(chang)站(zhan);研究接入(ru)(ru)容量(liang)核(he)定(ding)方(fang)法和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)接入(ru)(ru)能(neng)力。六是系(xi)(xi)統強(qiang)化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)支撐保障能(neng)力，支持(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)新型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力負(fu)荷管(guan)理系(xi)(xi)統分階段做(zuo)好車(che)(che)網(wang)(wang)(wang)互(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)資源的(de)接入(ru)(ru)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)管(guan)理；進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)完(wan)善車(che)(che)網(wang)(wang)(wang)互(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)聚(ju)合(he)(he)(he)交易的(de)基礎支撐和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)技(ji)(ji)術服務(wu)(wu)能(neng)力；加(jia)快完(wan)善配套并網(wang)(wang)(wang)、計量(liang)、保護控制(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)信息(xi)交互(hu)支撐服務(wu)(wu)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)；優(you)(you)(you)化車(che)(che)網(wang)(wang)(wang)互(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)負(fu)荷聚(ju)合(he)(he)(he)商(shang)的(de)清分結(jie)算機制(zhi)(zhi)。

　　問：下一步如(ru)何(he)推(tui)動《實施意(yi)見》有效落實？

　　答(da)：國(guo)(guo)家(jia)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)改(gai)革(ge)委、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)能源(yuan)(yuan)局將會(hui)同有關部(bu)門(men)認真抓好《實(shi)(shi)施意見》的(de)(de)落實(shi)(shi)工(gong)作。一是要加強統籌(chou)協調，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)改(gai)革(ge)委、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)能源(yuan)(yuan)局負(fu)責車(che)網(wang)(wang)(wang)互(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)頂層設(she)計與統籌(chou)推(tui)進，工(gong)業(ye)和信息化部(bu)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)能源(yuan)(yuan)局負(fu)責推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)新能源(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)、充(chong)換電(dian)(dian)設(she)施加快應(ying)用智能有序(xu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)功能，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)化管(guan)理委員會(hui)組織推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)標(biao)準(zhun)體(ti)系建(jian)(jian)設(she)。二是要壓實(shi)(shi)各方(fang)責任，各級地(di)方(fang)政府有關部(bu)門(men)要落實(shi)(shi)主體(ti)責任，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)能源(yuan)(yuan)局派出(chu)機構(gou)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)建(jian)(jian)立健全市(shi)場機制，電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)企業(ye)開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)配套電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)改(gai)造并完善車(che)網(wang)(wang)(wang)互(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)業(ye)務體(ti)系，新能源(yuan)(yuan)車(che)企、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)企業(ye)等(deng)(deng)要積(ji)極(ji)參與生態建(jian)(jian)設(she)，行業(ye)協會(hui)要積(ji)極(ji)搭(da)建(jian)(jian)交流平臺。三(san)是要強化試(shi)點示范(fan)(fan)(fan)，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)改(gai)革(ge)委、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)能源(yuan)(yuan)局等(deng)(deng)部(bu)門(men)將在(zai)長三(san)角、珠(zhu)三(san)角、京津(jin)冀魯、川渝等(deng)(deng)條件(jian)相(xiang)對成熟的(de)(de)地(di)區開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)車(che)網(wang)(wang)(wang)互(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)規模化試(shi)點示范(fan)(fan)(fan)，力爭(zheng)2025年底前建(jian)(jian)成5個以上(shang)示范(fan)(fan)(fan)城(cheng)市(shi)以及50個以上(shang)雙向充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)示范(fan)(fan)(fan)項目，通過示范(fan)(fan)(fan)形成可復(fu)制推(tui)廣的(de)(de)經(jing)驗模式。

　　最后，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)發展改(gai)革(ge)委、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)能源局(ju)將持續會(hui)同相(xiang)關(guan)部門(men)密切關(guan)注各地(di)車(che)網(wang)(wang)互(hu)(hu)動(dong)發展情況和《實(shi)(shi)施意見》落(luo)實(shi)(shi)情況，根據新形勢、新要(yao)求不斷健全車(che)網(wang)(wang)互(hu)(hu)動(dong)相(xiang)關(guan)政策(ce)法(fa)規和標準規范體系，引導(dao)市場(chang)主體開展技(ji)術(shu)和模式創新，推(tui)動(dong)我國(guo)(guo)車(che)網(wang)(wang)互(hu)(hu)動(dong)盡早實(shi)(shi)現規模化推(tui)廣和應用。

（來源：央視網）