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　　隨著(zhu)技術的(de)發展進步，大量新型(xing)（）電(dian)力(li)設備被(bei)采(cai)用，這為供電(dian)企業內(nei)部節(jie)能(neng)減排創造(zao)了(le)良好條件。目(mu)前主要的(de)節(jie)能(neng)措(cuo)(cuo)施包括采(cai)用高效節(jie)能(neng)變壓(ya)器(非晶合金鐵芯材料)、碳纖維(wei)導線(xian)以及各(ge)類(lei)無(wu)功補償設備。其實在供電(dian)企業內(nei)部，尤其在變電(dian)站附屬設備和一些維(wei)護工作(zuo)中還有相當的(de)節(jie)能(neng)空間(jian)，雖無(wu)法與更(geng)換節(jie)能(neng)變壓(ya)器等措(cuo)(cuo)施的(de)節(jie)能(neng)效果(guo)相比，但由于范圍廣泛，此類(lei)“微(wei)(wei)節(jie)能(neng)”、“微(wei)(wei)減排”的(de)效果(guo)也不可(ke)小覷。

　　首先，變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站建筑及附(fu)屬設備的節能化。變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站室內設備，包括通(tong)訊(xun)、自動化、繼電(dian)保護(hu)設備等(deng)對(dui)環境溫度要(yao)求都(dou)較高。現階段(duan)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站的典型設計中，主(zhu)控制(zhi)(zhi)室內都(dou)需安(an)裝多臺制(zhi)(zhi)冷空(kong)(kong)調和電(dian)加熱(re)器。夏天，空(kong)(kong)調24小時不間斷運(yun)(yun)轉，冬(dong)天，電(dian)加熱(re)器也是(shi)不停地運(yun)(yun)行。僅以(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)冷為(wei)例，變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站如安(an)裝3臺空(kong)(kong)調(不包括附(fu)屬生活區)、平均(jun)功(gong)率(lv)2千(qian)瓦，運(yun)(yun)行4個月算(suan)，僅一(yi)個站就(jiu)要(yao)消(xiao)(xiao)耗近2萬千(qian)瓦時電(dian)量。制(zhi)(zhi)冷加熱(re)全(quan)部計算(suan)的話，一(yi)個地區全(quan)部變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站消(xiao)(xiao)耗的電(dian)量會(hui)非常(chang)可觀。

　　對此(ci)，可(ke)(ke)從以下三(san)個(ge)方面采取(qu)對策：第一(yi)，變(bian)電站(zhan)(zhan)主控室(shi)采用節(jie)能(neng)(neng)設計。如(ru)建筑(zhu)采用外(wai)墻(qiang)保溫措施可(ke)(ke)大幅降(jiang)(jiang)低能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消耗(hao)(一(yi)般可(ke)(ke)降(jiang)(jiang)低能(neng)(neng)耗(hao)40%左右)，室(shi)內通(tong)風設施加(jia)裝熱(re)交換系統可(ke)(ke)減少室(shi)內外(wai)熱(re)量傳遞，進一(yi)步降(jiang)(jiang)低建筑(zhu)能(neng)(neng)耗(hao);第二，使用節(jie)能(neng)(neng)型制冷(取(qu)暖)設備。例如(ru)采用高效、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)變(bian)頻(pin)空(kong)調、熱(re)泵(beng)空(kong)調，最多可(ke)(ke)省電60%以上(shang);第三(san)，合理利用新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，如(ru)建筑(zhu)一(yi)體化光伏發電，地(di)熱(re)采暖等。在(zai)設計上(shang)，這(zhe)(zhe)么(me)做(zuo)肯定會(hui)增(zeng)加(jia)變(bian)電站(zhan)(zhan)一(yi)次投資的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)，但如(ru)果考慮到變(bian)電站(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)壽命(ming)周期成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)話，還是(shi)非常值得的(de)(de)。這(zhe)(zhe)就要求在(zai)變(bian)電站(zhan)(zhan)規劃設計階段(duan)將(jiang)后期運(yun)行成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)加(jia)進一(yi)次投資成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)綜合考慮，并在(zai)實施階段(duan)盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)爭取(qu)到國(guo)家相(xiang)應(ying)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)環保政策補(bu)貼。通(tong)過(guo)以上(shang)措施，完全(quan)可(ke)(ke)以將(jiang)變(bian)電站(zhan)(zhan)建設成(cheng)(cheng)為國(guo)網公(gong)司綠色環保的(de)(de)典范(fan)。

　　其次，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)及運維(wei)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)節(jie)能(neng)化(hua)。在(zai)(zai)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站維(wei)護中(zhong)有(you)(you)一(yi)項(xiang)例行工作(zuo)——蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)核對(dui)(dui)性(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。常(chang)規的(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀為負載型(xing)(xing)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量白白放掉。按照(zhao)規程(cheng)，此項(xiang)工作(zuo)每(mei)年進行一(yi)次。如果某地區按照(zhao)40座變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站、每(mei)個(ge)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站兩(liang)套蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池、每(mei)套蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量平均150安時(shi)(shi)計，該地區每(mei)年僅此項(xiang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)就(jiu)會(hui)消耗掉2.6萬千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量。新型(xing)(xing)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儀可以在(zai)(zai)工作(zuo)中(zhong)同步將(jiang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)中(zhong)釋放的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)逆(ni)變(bian)反送回(hui)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)系統，從(cong)而實現(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)(de)回(hui)收，設(she)(she)(she)(she)計理念非常(chang)契(qi)合現(xian)(xian)階段(duan)節(jie)能(neng)減排(pai)的(de)(de)大(da)環境，但由(you)于(yu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)可靠(kao)性(xing)不(bu)好及價格較高等因素(su)，該類設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)沒能(neng)被(bei)廣泛應用。其實在(zai)(zai)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站運維(wei)工作(zuo)中(zhong)，還有(you)(you)不(bu)少試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)儀器是耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大(da)戶，例如線路參數測試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)系統、絕緣耐壓設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)等，在(zai)(zai)頻繁使用中(zhong)，不(bu)知不(bu)覺就(jiu)會(hui)浪費掉大(da)量的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)。所以從(cong)節(jie)約用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)角(jiao)度(du)看，必(bi)須(xu)使用更(geng)(geng)高效節(jie)能(neng)的(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)。對(dui)(dui)此，一(yi)方(fang)面需要鼓(gu)勵設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)制造商適應形(xing)勢，加大(da)研(yan)發力度(du)，開發出更(geng)(geng)多經濟適用而且可靠(kao)耐用的(de)(de)產品，以供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業(ye)選擇;另一(yi)方(fang)面，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業(ye)在(zai)(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)更(geng)(geng)新時(shi)(shi)，應優先考(kao)慮采用節(jie)能(neng)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計的(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)，在(zai)(zai)相關設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)招標中(zhong)將(jiang)節(jie)能(neng)環保作(zuo)為一(yi)項(xiang)重要的(de)(de)參考(kao)指標。

　　最后，還要加(jia)強六(liu)氟化硫(liu)氣(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)回收再利用(yong)(yong)。目前，GIS組(zu)合電(dian)器在(zai)變(bian)電(dian)站中應用(yong)(yong)已非常廣泛，六(liu)氟化硫(liu)氣(qi)體(ti)是(shi)該類設備中重要的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣介質。雖然(ran)在(zai)應用(yong)(yong)中GIS組(zu)合電(dian)器被分(fen)隔(ge)成(cheng)了許(xu)多(duo)氣(qi)室(shi)，但在(zai)檢修時往往要白白棄掉(diao)一個氣(qi)室(shi)的(de)(de)氣(qi)體(ti)，不僅造(zao)成(cheng)材料的(de)(de)浪(lang)費，而(er)且因為(wei)六(liu)氟化硫(liu)氣(qi)體(ti)以及運行中產生的(de)(de)多(duo)種氟化合物(wu)，都是(shi)強溫(wen)室(shi)效(xiao)應的(de)(de)氣(qi)體(ti)，直接排放會對大氣(qi)環境造(zao)成(cheng)影響(xiang)。

　　所以(yi)，對六(liu)氟(fu)化(hua)硫(liu)(liu)氣(qi)體(ti)進行(xing)回(hui)收(shou)利(li)用(yong)非常(chang)有必要。筆者認為在(zai)六(liu)氟(fu)化(hua)硫(liu)(liu)氣(qi)體(ti)的(de)(de)管理上，可(ke)從管理與(yu)設備(bei)兩方面(mian)入手，一(yi)方面(mian)規范此項(xiang)檢修工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)流(liu)程，將六(liu)氟(fu)化(hua)硫(liu)(liu)氣(qi)體(ti)回(hui)收(shou)納入工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)考核(he)范圍;另一(yi)方面(mian)可(ke)加大該項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)創新(xin)力度(du)，將六(liu)氟(fu)化(hua)硫(liu)(liu)氣(qi)體(ti)回(hui)收(shou)裝置設計為該類變電(dian)站的(de)(de)標準配置，在(zai)GIS組合(he)電(dian)器上整合(he)部分(fen)功能，實現回(hui)收(shou)的(de)(de)可(ke)行(xing)性(xing)與(yu)操作(zuo)的(de)(de)便捷性(xing)。

　　總之，只(zhi)要去(qu)努(nu)力發掘，變電站的節(jie)能減排空(kong)間(jian)還是非常有潛力的。

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