新三板新定位:做中國的納斯達克!
2015-01-04 1038 環球財經;編輯:Cindy
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12月26日,證監(jian)會新聞發(fa)布(bu)會發(fa)布(bu)了(le)《關于證券經營機構參與全國(guo)股(gu)轉(zhuan)系統相關業(ye)務(wu)有關問題的(de)(de)通(tong)知》(以(yi)下簡(jian)稱(cheng)“通(tong)知”),從服(fu)務(wu)、做市、投資、資本、風控、監(jian)管(guan)等六個層面給出指導意見,意在構建證券公司在新三(san)板領域的(de)(de)“綜合金(jin)融服(fu)務(wu)”能力,而且(qie)應(ying)該成為企業(ye)的(de)(de)“終身財務(wu)顧(gu)問”,打通(tong)新三(san)板全產業(ye)鏈(lian)服(fu)務(wu),對新三(san)板市場的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)構成重大利好。
新(xin)三板(ban)(ban)掛牌業務并(bing)無多少含金量,重要的(de)(de)是(shi)企業定(ding)增、轉板(ban)(ban)、做市及并(bing)購重組等后續(xu)增值服務。目(mu)前我(wo)國經(jing)濟正處于“三期疊加”的(de)(de)新(xin)常態時(shi)(shi)期,創新(xin)是(shi)這個時(shi)(shi)期的(de)(de)本質,在(zai)我(wo)國經(jing)濟轉型的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)時(shi)(shi)刻,只有不斷創新(xin),大力發(fa)展新(xin)三板(ban)(ban),才(cai)能實現(xian)對目(mu)前兩(liang)大交(jiao)易所的(de)(de)有益(yi)補充。經(jing)過未(wei)來5-10年的(de)(de)大力發(fa)展,新(xin)三板(ban)(ban)市場總市值如果超(chao)過滬深(shen)交(jiao)易所,那將(jiang)成為中(zhong)國真正的(de)(de)納斯達克,那才(cai)是(shi)其真正的(de)(de)定(ding)位所在(zai)。
除了轉板的(de)(de)誘(you)惑之(zhi)外(wai),企(qi)業在(zai)新三(san)板上(shang)(shang)市最重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)是獲得一個(ge)直接融資(zi)(zi)渠道。因(yin)此,是否能夠給企(qi)業帶來融資(zi)(zi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)支持,是企(qi)業是否愿(yuan)意在(zai)新三(san)板上(shang)(shang)市的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)原因(yin)。
打造滿足(zu)中小微企業(ye)需求的全產業(ye)鏈(lian)服務體系
中小企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)融資(zi)難(nan)、融資(zi)貴的(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題,一直制約著中國(guo)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)轉型(xing)與(yu)發展,新三板(ban)(ban)作(zuo)為解決這(zhe)一問(wen)(wen)題的(de)(de)一項手段(duan),也越來越被(bei)關(guan)注和重視(shi)。2014年(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)24日(ri),全(quan)國(guo)股(gu)份(fen)轉讓(rang)系統(tong)啟動全(quan)國(guo)擴容,來自全(quan)國(guo)各地的(de)(de)266家(jia)(jia)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)集中在新三板(ban)(ban)掛(gua)(gua)牌(pai)上(shang)市(shi)(shi),掛(gua)(gua)牌(pai)公司達到(dao)642家(jia)(jia),與(yu)中小板(ban)(ban)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)數量(liang)旗鼓(gu)相當,數量(liang)超(chao)過當時的(de)(de)創業(ye)(ye)板(ban)(ban)公司家(jia)(jia)數。從(cong)此,整個(ge)2014年(nian)(nian)(nian)新三板(ban)(ban)迎來了(le)跨越式(shi)發展,無論是(shi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)掛(gua)(gua)牌(pai)數量(liang)、市(shi)(shi)場交(jiao)(jiao)易、公司估值還(huan)是(shi)融資(zi)能力都有(you)(you)大幅提升。截(jie)至2014年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)25日(ri),新三板(ban)(ban)掛(gua)(gua)牌(pai)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)1532家(jia)(jia),總股(gu)本631.46億(yi)股(gu),相比2013年(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)分別(bie)增長3.3倍、5.5倍。盡管從(cong)成(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)(jiao)筆數上(shang)來看(kan),2014年(nian)(nian)(nian)共成(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)(jiao)930筆,較(jiao)(jiao)去年(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)底(di)下(xia)降6%,但成(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)數、成(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)(jiao)金(jin)額達到(dao)21.8億(yi)股(gu)、124.04億(yi)元,同比分別(bie)上(shang)漲9.77倍、14.24倍。同時,截(jie)至2014年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue),掛(gua)(gua)牌(pai)公司股(gu)票平均發行(xing)價格(ge)為4.88元,攤斌平均市(shi)(shi)盈率為24.59倍。而這(zhe)兩項指標在2013年(nian)(nian)(nian)分別(bie)為3.01元和16.69倍。從(cong)趨(qu)勢上(shang)看(kan),市(shi)(shi)盈率較(jiao)(jiao)2013年(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)(you)所(suo)回升,發行(xing)價格(ge)基本穩定(ding)。這(zhe)一切對解決中小企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)融資(zi)問(wen)(wen)題作(zuo)出了(le)巨大的(de)(de)貢(gong)獻。
《通(tong)(tong)(tong)知》提到證券(quan)(quan)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)應高度重(zhong)視掛(gua)牌(pai)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)推薦業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu),著(zhu)力打(da)造滿足中(zhong)小微企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)全(quan)(quan)國股轉系統掛(gua)牌(pai)、融資、并(bing)購(gou)等需求(qiu)的(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)體系。大(da)家都知道,新(xin)(xin)三(san)(san)板(ban)掛(gua)牌(pai)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)并(bing)不(bu)賺錢,主要看重(zhong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)定增(zeng)、轉板(ban)、做市及并(bing)購(gou)重(zhong)組(zu)等后(hou)續(xu)增(zeng)值服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)。《通(tong)(tong)(tong)知》意在(zai)構(gou)建(jian)證券(quan)(quan)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)在(zai)新(xin)(xin)三(san)(san)板(ban)領域的(de)(de)“綜(zong)合金融服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)”能力,而且(qie)應該成為企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)“終身財務(wu)(wu)(wu)顧問”,打(da)通(tong)(tong)(tong)新(xin)(xin)三(san)(san)板(ban)全(quan)(quan)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)。而且(qie)《通(tong)(tong)(tong)知》提出(chu),已取得全(quan)(quan)國股轉系統推薦業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)備(bei)案的(de)(de)證券(quan)(quan)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)可由其分(fen)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)直接開展(zhan)推薦業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)。分(fen)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)不(bu)再成為券(quan)(quan)商“經紀業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)”的(de)(de)分(fen)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si),而是可以(yi)直接從事推薦業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu),必然更能發揮其對當(dang)地金融市懲當(dang)地企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)資源優(you)勢(shi)。同(tong)時《通(tong)(tong)(tong)知》允(yun)許主辦券(quan)(quan)商探索股權(quan)支付、期權(quan)支付等新(xin)(xin)型收費模式,這就相當(dang)于通(tong)(tong)(tong)過公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)股權(quan)支付的(de)(de)模式使得券(quan)(quan)商建(jian)立與掛(gua)牌(pai)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)互利共贏(ying)的(de)(de)長效(xiao)激勵約束(shu)機制。
當然,《通知》也打破(po)了券商牌照壟斷,支持基金管理公司子公司、期貨公司子公司、證券投資咨詢機構(gou)等其他機構(gou)經備(bei)案后開展(zhan)推薦業務。
主板(ban)能(neng)做(zuo)的新(xin)三板(ban)也可(ke)以做(zuo)
2014年8月(yue)25日,業(ye)(ye)(ye)內(nei)期待(dai)已久的做(zuo)(zuo)市(shi)(shi)商制度正(zheng)式啟動。《通(tong)知》提到,證(zheng)券(quan)公(gong)(gong)司應多(duo)渠(qu)道籌集(ji)資金(jin)(jin),保(bao)(bao)(bao)障做(zuo)(zuo)市(shi)(shi)資金(jin)(jin)投入,滿足(zu)掛牌公(gong)(gong)司的做(zuo)(zuo)市(shi)(shi)需(xu)求。這(zhe)將為(wei)(wei)券(quan)商做(zuo)(zuo)市(shi)(shi)資金(jin)(jin)來(lai)源拓展(zhan)(zhan)渠(qu)道,同時主(zhu)辦券(quan)商優先為(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)司做(zuo)(zuo)市(shi)(shi),無論是(shi)資金(jin)(jin)拓展(zhan)(zhan)還是(shi)項目(mu)來(lai)源上都有(you)(you)利于(yu)券(quan)商的強者恒(heng)強。其(qi)次,解(jie)決了資金(jin)(jin)問題,再(zai)解(jie)決技(ji)術問題,提升做(zuo)(zuo)市(shi)(shi)水平。證(zheng)券(quan)公(gong)(gong)司應當配備足(zu)夠數量(liang)的專業(ye)(ye)(ye)人員,確(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)做(zuo)(zuo)市(shi)(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)有(you)(you)序開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan);強化對(dui)做(zuo)(zuo)市(shi)(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)的研(yan)究(jiu)支持(chi)(chi),構建做(zuo)(zuo)市(shi)(shi)股票估值定價體系(xi);加大技(ji)術研(yan)發投入,提高(gao)技(ji)術系(xi)統穩定性,為(wei)(wei)做(zuo)(zuo)市(shi)(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)提供可靠(kao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障。再(zai)者,需(xu)要控制做(zuo)(zuo)市(shi)(shi)風險(xian),證(zheng)券(quan)公(gong)(gong)司可以(yi)試點開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)全國股轉系(xi)統掛牌股票借貸業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu),對(dui)沖做(zuo)(zuo)市(shi)(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)持(chi)(chi)倉風險(xian)。這(zhe)意味著新三板(ban)加杠桿也已經箭(jian)在弦上。最(zui)后,擴大做(zuo)(zuo)市(shi)(shi)隊伍(wu),支持(chi)(chi)基金(jin)(jin)管理(li)公(gong)(gong)司子(zi)公(gong)(gong)司、期貨(huo)公(gong)(gong)司子(zi)公(gong)(gong)司、證(zheng)券(quan)投資咨詢機(ji)構、私(si)募基金(jin)(jin)管理(li)機(ji)構等機(ji)構開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)做(zuo)(zuo)市(shi)(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)。
2014年(nian)4月(yue)29日(ri),全(quan)國(guo)(guo)最大(da)的創(chuang)投(tou)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)之(zhi)一九鼎(ding)投(tou)資登陸新(xin)(xin)三(san)板(ban),開創(chuang)了創(chuang)投(tou)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)掛(gua)(gua)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)新(xin)(xin)三(san)板(ban)的全(quan)新(xin)(xin)模式,這也是唯一一家總市值過(guo)(guo)百億的新(xin)(xin)三(san)板(ban)掛(gua)(gua)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)企業(ye)。而目(mu)前(qian)在新(xin)(xin)三(san)板(ban)掛(gua)(gua)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)的券(quan)(quan)商(shang)包括湘(xiang)財證(zheng)(zheng)券(quan)(quan)、聯訊證(zheng)(zheng)券(quan)(quan)等(deng)。《通(tong)(tong)(tong)知(zhi)》提出(chu),支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)證(zheng)(zheng)券(quan)(quan)公司(si)、基金(jin)管(guan)(guan)理公司(si)、期(qi)(qi)貨(huo)公司(si)、證(zheng)(zheng)券(quan)(quan)投(tou)資咨詢(xun)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)等(deng)證(zheng)(zheng)券(quan)(quan)期(qi)(qi)貨(huo)經營(ying)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)在全(quan)國(guo)(guo)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)轉(zhuan)系(xi)統(tong)掛(gua)(gua)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)。而且采取事(shi)后監(jian)管(guan)(guan)的模式,申(shen)請掛(gua)(gua)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)的證(zheng)(zheng)券(quan)(quan)期(qi)(qi)貨(huo)經營(ying)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)無須事(shi)前(qian)申(shen)請出(chu)具監(jian)管(guan)(guan)意見書,只(zhi)需在掛(gua)(gua)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)后5個工作日(ri)內備案。我們(men)相信,除了券(quan)(quan)商(shang)和創(chuang)投(tou)之(zhi)外,很快就會(hui)有基金(jin)公司(si)和期(qi)(qi)貨(huo)公司(si)掛(gua)(gua)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)新(xin)(xin)三(san)板(ban)。同時,《通(tong)(tong)(tong)知(zhi)》支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)證(zheng)(zheng)券(quan)(quan)期(qi)(qi)貨(huo)經營(ying)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)轉(zhuan)系(xi)統(tong)募(mu)(mu)集資金(jin)。證(zheng)(zheng)券(quan)(quan)期(qi)(qi)貨(huo)經營(ying)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)轉(zhuan)系(xi)統(tong)發行普通(tong)(tong)(tong)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、優先(xian)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、私募(mu)(mu)債、可(ke)(ke)(ke)轉(zhuan)債等(deng)產品(pin),增強資本實(shi)力和抗風險(xian)能力,提升服務中小微企業(ye)的水平。再者,《通(tong)(tong)(tong)知(zhi)》支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)證(zheng)(zheng)券(quan)(quan)期(qi)(qi)貨(huo)經營(ying)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)轉(zhuan)系(xi)統(tong)進(jin)行股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)轉(zhuan)讓。掛(gua)(gua)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)證(zheng)(zheng)券(quan)(quan)公司(si)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)轉(zhuan)系(xi)統(tong)變(bian)更持(chi)(chi)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)5%以(yi)下(xia)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)的股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東,參照(zhao)適用上市證(zheng)(zheng)券(quan)(quan)公司(si)變(bian)更持(chi)(chi)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)5%以(yi)下(xia)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東的有關要求(qiu)。證(zheng)(zheng)券(quan)(quan)期(qi)(qi)貨(huo)經營(ying)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)轉(zhuan)系(xi)統(tong)探索股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)激勵,建立(li)、健全(quan)員(yuan)工激勵與約(yue)束(shu)機(ji)制(zhi)。基本上,類似(si)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)主(zhu)板(ban)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)做的事(shi)情都可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)新(xin)(xin)三(san)板(ban)來做,尺度放得不可(ke)(ke)(ke)謂(wei)不大(da)。
相(xiang)應的(de),《通知(zhi)》同時也(ye)強化(hua)了合規及風(feng)控管(guan)理(li),指(zhi)出證券公司應建立與全國股轉(zhuan)系(xi)統業務(wu)(wu)模式相(xiang)適應的(de)管(guan)理(li)架構(gou),強化(hua)推薦、經(jing)紀、做市、自(zi)營等業務(wu)(wu)的(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)控制機制,將合規、風(feng)控管(guan)理(li)措施(shi)嵌(qian)入各(ge)(ge)項業務(wu)(wu)制度和(he)流程,在有效控制風(feng)險(xian)(xian)的(de)前提(ti)下(xia)開展(zhan)(zhan)各(ge)(ge)項業務(wu)(wu)。其次,加強投(tou)資者保護和(he)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)揭示。說實話(hua),各(ge)(ge)證券公司目前尚不具備與新(xin)三板(ban)各(ge)(ge)類業務(wu)(wu)相(xiang)匹(pi)配的(de)分層(ceng)次監管(guan)體系(xi),而且各(ge)(ge)主辦券商在全國股轉(zhuan)系(xi)統的(de)監管(guan)措施(shi)將直接納入分類評(ping)價,這是新(xin)三板(ban)發展(zhan)(zhan)壯(zhuang)大過程中的(de)必(bi)經(jing)之路(lu)。
強化轉板機制是未來政策的必(bi)然導向
在(zai)多(duo)層次資本市場體系中,新三板(ban)有其獨特的(de)(de)(de)吸引力。與(yu)(yu)創業(ye)板(ban)相比,新三板(ban)企業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有兩點(dian)區別:一是(shi)按(an)照證(zheng)監會的(de)(de)(de)說法(fa),新三板(ban)是(shi)承(cheng)接創新型(xing)、創業(ye)型(xing)、成長型(xing)中小微企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)證(zheng)券市場,相對創業(ye)板(ban)企業(ye)來(lai)說,它的(de)(de)(de)規模(mo)更小,不(bu)需要(yao)(yao)硬性的(de)(de)(de)財務(wu)指(zhi)標,完(wan)全(quan)由市場所決定;二是(shi)新三板(ban)面向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)投資群(qun)體也不(bu)同(tong)于(yu)創業(ye)板(ban)企業(ye),不(bu)是(shi)公(gong)眾,而(er)(er)是(shi)有準入條件的(de)(de)(de)個(ge)人投資者和機構(gou)投資者。而(er)(er)與(yu)(yu)區域性股(gu)權轉讓(rang)市場的(de)(de)(de)區別則主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)于(yu)地方性與(yu)(yu)全(quan)國性。