《中(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)央 國務院關于(yu)全面(mian)推進(jin)美麗中(zhong)國建(jian)設的意見》1月(yue)11日發布。

意見提(ti)出，建設美麗中(zhong)國是(shi)全面(mian)建設社會主義現代化國家的(de)重要(yao)目標，是(shi)實現中(zhong)華民族(zu)偉大復興中(zhong)國夢的(de)重要(yao)內容。

意見要求，“十四五(wu)(wu)”深入攻堅，實現(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)持續改善；“十五(wu)(wu)五(wu)(wu)”鞏(gong)固拓展(zhan)，實現(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)全面改善；“十六五(wu)(wu)”整體提升，實現(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)根本好轉。

意見分為10章共33條，聚焦美(mei)麗中國建(jian)(jian)設的(de)目標路徑、重點任務、重大政(zheng)策提出(chu)細化舉措，主要部(bu)署(shu)了以下重點任務：加快發展(zhan)方式綠色轉型、持(chi)續深入推進污染防(fang)治攻堅、提升生(sheng)態系統多樣(yang)(yang)性穩定(ding)性持(chi)續性、守牢(lao)美(mei)麗中國建(jian)(jian)設安全底線、打造美(mei)麗中國建(jian)(jian)設示范樣(yang)(yang)板、開展(zhan)美(mei)麗中國建(jian)(jian)設全民行動、健全美(mei)麗中國建(jian)(jian)設保障體系等。

意(yi)見(jian)還從不(bu)同(tong)角度提出美麗(li)中國(guo)建(jian)設的一攬(lan)子激勵性政(zheng)策舉措，調動(dong)各方面共(gong)建(jian)共(gong)享美麗(li)中國(guo)的積極性、主(zhu)動(dong)性和創造性。

中共中央 國務院

關(guan)于全面推進美(mei)麗(li)中國建設的意(yi)見(jian)

（2023年12月(yue)27日(ri)）

建(jian)設(she)美麗中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國是全(quan)面(mian)建(jian)設(she)社會主義現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化國家(jia)的重要目標，是實現(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華民族偉(wei)大復興中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國夢的重要內容。為全(quan)面(mian)推(tui)進美麗中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國建(jian)設(she)，加快推(tui)進人與自(zi)然和諧共生的現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化，現(xian)(xian)提(ti)出(chu)如下意(yi)見(jian)。

一、新時代新征程開啟全面(mian)推(tui)進美(mei)麗(li)中國建設新篇章

黨的十八大(da)(da)以(yi)來，以(yi)習近平(ping)同志(zhi)為核心的黨中(zhong)央(yang)把生(sheng)態文明建(jian)設擺在全(quan)局工(gong)作的突出位置，全(quan)方(fang)位、全(quan)地(di)域(yu)、全(quan)過程加強生(sheng)態環境(jing)保護，實現了由重(zhong)點整(zheng)治(zhi)到(dao)(dao)系統(tong)治(zhi)理(li)、由被(bei)動應對到(dao)(dao)主動作為、由全(quan)球環境(jing)治(zhi)理(li)參與(yu)者到(dao)(dao)引領者、由實踐探索(suo)到(dao)(dao)科學理(li)論指導的重(zhong)大(da)(da)轉變，美麗中(zhong)國建(jian)設邁出重(zhong)大(da)(da)步伐(fa)。

當前(qian)，我國經(jing)濟社(she)(she)會(hui)發展(zhan)(zhan)已進入加(jia)快綠(lv)色(se)化、低碳(tan)化的(de)(de)高質(zhi)量發展(zhan)(zhan)階(jie)段，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態文(wen)明建設仍處于壓力疊(die)加(jia)、負重前(qian)行的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)期，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境保(bao)護結構性(xing)(xing)(xing)、根源(yuan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)、趨(qu)勢性(xing)(xing)(xing)壓力尚(shang)未(wei)根本緩(huan)解，經(jing)濟社(she)(she)會(hui)發展(zhan)(zhan)綠(lv)色(se)轉型(xing)內生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動力不足，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境質(zhi)量穩(wen)中(zhong)(zhong)向好(hao)的(de)(de)基礎還(huan)不牢固，部分(fen)區域生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統退化趨(qu)勢尚(shang)未(wei)根本扭轉，美麗(li)中(zhong)(zhong)國建設任務(wu)依然艱巨。新征(zheng)程上，必須(xu)把美麗(li)中(zhong)(zhong)國建設擺在強國建設、民族(zu)復興的(de)(de)突出位(wei)置(zhi)，保(bao)持(chi)加(jia)強生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態文(wen)明建設的(de)(de)戰(zhan)略定力，堅定不移走(zou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產發展(zhan)(zhan)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活富裕、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態良好(hao)的(de)(de)文(wen)明發展(zhan)(zhan)道(dao)路(lu)，建設天藍、地綠(lv)、水清的(de)(de)美好(hao)家園。

二、總體要求

全(quan)面推進(jin)(jin)美麗(li)中(zhong)(zhong)國建設(she)，要堅(jian)持以習近(jin)平新時代中(zhong)(zhong)國特色社(she)會主義思想(xiang)特別是(shi)習近(jin)平生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明思想(xiang)為(wei)指(zhi)導(dao)，深入貫徹黨(dang)的二十大精(jing)神(shen)，落實全(quan)國生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護大會部(bu)署，牢固樹(shu)立和(he)(he)(he)踐行綠水(shui)青(qing)山(shan)就(jiu)是(shi)金(jin)山(shan)銀(yin)山(shan)的理念，處理好(hao)高質(zhi)量(liang)發展和(he)(he)(he)高水(shui)平保(bao)護、重(zhong)點攻堅(jian)和(he)(he)(he)協同治理、自然恢復(fu)(fu)和(he)(he)(he)人(ren)工修復(fu)(fu)、外部(bu)約(yue)束和(he)(he)(he)內生(sheng)(sheng)動力(li)、“雙碳”承諾和(he)(he)(he)自主行動的關系，統籌產業(ye)結構調整(zheng)、污染治理、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)護、應對氣(qi)候變化，協同推進(jin)(jin)降碳、減污、擴綠、增(zeng)長，維護國家生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)安全(quan)，抓(zhua)好(hao)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明制(zhi)度建設(she)，以高品質(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)支撐高質(zhi)量(liang)發展，加快形(xing)成以實現人(ren)與自然和(he)(he)(he)諧共生(sheng)(sheng)現代化為(wei)導(dao)向的美麗(li)中(zhong)(zhong)國建設(she)新格局，筑牢中(zhong)(zhong)華民族偉大復(fu)(fu)興的生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)根(gen)基。

主要目標是：到(dao)2027年，綠(lv)色(se)低碳發展(zhan)(zhan)深入推進，主要污(wu)染物(wu)排放(fang)總量持(chi)續減少，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量持(chi)續提(ti)升，國土空間開(kai)發保(bao)護(hu)格局得(de)到(dao)優化(hua)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統服務功能(neng)不(bu)斷增(zeng)強，城鄉人居環(huan)(huan)境(jing)明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)改善，國家(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)有(you)效保(bao)障(zhang)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)治(zhi)理(li)體系(xi)(xi)更加健全(quan)(quan)(quan)，形(xing)(xing)成一批(pi)實(shi)踐樣(yang)板(ban)，美(mei)麗(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國建(jian)設成效顯(xian)(xian)著。到(dao)2035年，廣泛形(xing)(xing)成綠(lv)色(se)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)方式，碳排放(fang)達(da)峰后穩中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)降，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)根本好轉(zhuan)，國土空間開(kai)發保(bao)護(hu)新格局全(quan)(quan)(quan)面形(xing)(xing)成，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統多樣(yang)性(xing)穩定性(xing)持(chi)續性(xing)顯(xian)(xian)著提(ti)升，國家(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)更加穩固，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)治(zhi)理(li)體系(xi)(xi)和治(zhi)理(li)能(neng)力現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)基本實(shi)現(xian)(xian)，美(mei)麗(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國目標基本實(shi)現(xian)(xian)。展(zhan)(zhan)望(wang)本世紀中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)葉，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面提(ti)升，綠(lv)色(se)發展(zhan)(zhan)方式和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)方式全(quan)(quan)(quan)面形(xing)(xing)成，重點領域實(shi)現(xian)(xian)深度脫(tuo)碳，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)健康優美(mei)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)治(zhi)理(li)體系(xi)(xi)和治(zhi)理(li)能(neng)力現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面實(shi)現(xian)(xian)，美(mei)麗(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國全(quan)(quan)(quan)面建(jian)成。

錨定(ding)美麗中國建設目標，堅(jian)持(chi)精準治污、科(ke)學(xue)治污、依法治污，根(gen)(gen)據經濟社會高質量(liang)(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)的新需求、人(ren)民群眾對生態環境(jing)改(gai)善的新期待，加大(da)對突(tu)出生態環境(jing)問題集中解決力(li)度，加快推(tui)動(dong)生態環境(jing)質量(liang)(liang)改(gai)善從量(liang)(liang)變到質變。“十四五(wu)”深入攻堅(jian)，實現生態環境(jing)持(chi)續(xu)改(gai)善；“十五(wu)五(wu)”鞏固(gu)拓展(zhan)，實現生態環境(jing)全面改(gai)善；“十六五(wu)”整體提升，實現生態環境(jing)根(gen)(gen)本好轉。要堅(jian)持(chi)做到：

——全(quan)領(ling)域轉型。大力(li)推(tui)動經濟社會發展綠色(se)(se)化(hua)、低碳化(hua)，加快能源、工業(ye)、交通運輸(shu)、城鄉建設、農業(ye)等領(ling)域綠色(se)(se)低碳轉型，加強綠色(se)(se)科(ke)技(ji)創(chuang)新，增強美麗中(zhong)國建設的內生動力(li)、創(chuang)新活力(li)。

——全方位提升。堅持要(yao)素統籌和城鄉(xiang)融合(he)，一體開展“美(mei)(mei)(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系列”建設工作，重點推進(jin)美(mei)(mei)(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)藍天、美(mei)(mei)(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)河湖、美(mei)(mei)(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)海灣、美(mei)(mei)(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)山川建設，打造美(mei)(mei)(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)國先行區、美(mei)(mei)(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)城市、美(mei)(mei)(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)鄉(xiang)村，繪就各美(mei)(mei)(mei)其(qi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)、美(mei)(mei)(mei)美(mei)(mei)(mei)與共的美(mei)(mei)(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)國新畫卷。

——全(quan)地域建設。因地制宜、梯次(ci)推進美(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)中國建設全(quan)域覆蓋，展現大美(mei)西部(bu)(bu)壯(zhuang)美(mei)風貌(mao)、亮麗(li)(li)(li)東(dong)北遼闊風光、美(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)中部(bu)(bu)錦(jin)繡山河、和諧東(dong)部(bu)(bu)秀(xiu)美(mei)風韻，塑造各具特(te)色(se)、多姿多彩的美(mei)麗(li)(li)(li)中國建設板塊。

——全(quan)社(she)會行動(dong)。把建(jian)設美麗中(zhong)國(guo)轉化為全(quan)體(ti)人(ren)民(min)行為自(zi)覺，鼓勵園區、企(qi)業(ye)、社(she)區、學校等基層單位(wei)開展綠(lv)色、清潔、零碳引領行動(dong)，形成人(ren)人(ren)參與、人(ren)人(ren)共享的(de)良(liang)好社(she)會氛圍。

三、加快發展方(fang)式綠色轉型(xing)

（一）優化國(guo)土空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)保護(hu)(hu)格局。健全主體功能區制(zhi)度，完善國(guo)土空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)規劃(hua)體系(xi)，統籌優化農(nong)業、生態(tai)、城(cheng)鎮(zhen)等各(ge)類空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)布(bu)局。堅(jian)守生態(tai)保護(hu)(hu)紅線，強(qiang)化執(zhi)法監管(guan)和(he)保護(hu)(hu)修復，使全國(guo)生態(tai)保護(hu)(hu)紅線面積保持(chi)在315萬平方公(gong)里以(yi)上。堅(jian)決守住18億畝耕地紅線，確保可以(yi)長期(qi)穩定利用的耕地不(bu)(bu)再(zai)減少。嚴(yan)(yan)格管(guan)控(kong)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)邊界，推動(dong)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)內涵式集約化綠(lv)色(se)發(fa)(fa)展。嚴(yan)(yan)格河湖水域岸(an)線空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)管(guan)控(kong)。加強(qiang)海(hai)洋和(he)海(hai)岸(an)帶國(guo)土空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)管(guan)控(kong)，建立低(di)效用海(hai)退出機制(zhi)，除國(guo)家重大(da)項目外，不(bu)(bu)再(zai)新增圍填海(hai)。完善全域覆蓋的生態(tai)環境分區管(guan)控(kong)體系(xi)，為發(fa)(fa)展“明底(di)線”、“劃(hua)邊框”。到2035年，大(da)陸(lu)自然岸(an)線保有率(lv)不(bu)(bu)低(di)于35%，生態(tai)保護(hu)(hu)紅線生態(tai)功能不(bu)(bu)降低(di)、性質不(bu)(bu)改(gai)變。

（二）積極穩(wen)妥推(tui)進(jin)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達峰(feng)(feng)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中和。有(you)計劃分(fen)步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)驟實施碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達峰(feng)(feng)行(xing)(xing)動，力(li)爭2030年前實現(xian)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達峰(feng)(feng)，為努力(li)爭取(qu)2060年前實現(xian)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中和奠定基礎(chu)(chu)。堅持先立后破，加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)規劃建設新(xin)(xin)型能源(yuan)(yuan)體系，確保能源(yuan)(yuan)安全。重點(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)煤炭(tan)等化石(shi)能源(yuan)(yuan)消費，加(jia)(jia)強煤炭(tan)清潔高效利用，大力(li)發展非(fei)化石(shi)能源(yuan)(yuan)，加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)構建新(xin)(xin)型電力(li)系統。開展多(duo)領(ling)域多(duo)層次減污降碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)協同創新(xin)(xin)試點(dian)。推(tui)動能耗雙控(kong)逐(zhu)步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)轉向碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)放總(zong)量和強度(du)雙控(kong)，加(jia)(jia)強碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)排(pai)放雙控(kong)基礎(chu)(chu)能力(li)和制(zhi)度(du)建設。逐(zhu)年編制(zhi)國(guo)家溫室(shi)氣體清單(dan)。實施甲(jia)烷排(pai)放控(kong)制(zhi)行(xing)(xing)動方(fang)案，研究制(zhi)定其他非(fei)二氧化碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)溫室(shi)氣體排(pai)放控(kong)制(zhi)行(xing)(xing)動方(fang)案。進(jin)一步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)發展全國(guo)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)市(shi)場(chang)，穩(wen)步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)擴(kuo)大行(xing)(xing)業(ye)覆(fu)蓋范(fan)圍(wei)，豐富交易品(pin)種和方(fang)式(shi)，建設完善全國(guo)溫室(shi)氣體自愿減排(pai)交易市(shi)場(chang)。到2035年，非(fei)化石(shi)能源(yuan)(yuan)占(zhan)能源(yuan)(yuan)消費總(zong)量比重進(jin)一步(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)提高，建成(cheng)更(geng)加(jia)(jia)有(you)效、更(geng)有(you)活(huo)力(li)、更(geng)具國(guo)際影響(xiang)力(li)的碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)市(shi)場(chang)。

（三）統(tong)籌推進重(zhong)點(dian)領域綠(lv)(lv)色低(di)碳發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。推進產(chan)業(ye)數字化(hua)、智能化(hua)同綠(lv)(lv)色化(hua)深度融合，加快(kuai)建(jian)設以實(shi)體(ti)經濟(ji)為支撐的現代化(hua)產(chan)業(ye)體(ti)系(xi)，大(da)力(li)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)戰(zhan)略性新(xin)(xin)興(xing)產(chan)業(ye)、高(gao)技術產(chan)業(ye)、綠(lv)(lv)色環保(bao)(bao)產(chan)業(ye)、現代服務業(ye)。嚴把(ba)準入關口，堅決遏制高(gao)耗(hao)能、高(gao)排放、低(di)水平(ping)項目盲目上馬(ma)。大(da)力(li)推進傳統(tong)產(chan)業(ye)工藝、技術、裝備升級，實(shi)現綠(lv)(lv)色低(di)碳轉(zhuan)型，實(shi)施(shi)清潔(jie)生產(chan)水平(ping)提升工程。加快(kuai)既(ji)有建(jian)筑和(he)市政(zheng)基(ji)(ji)礎設施(shi)節能降碳改(gai)造，推動超低(di)能耗(hao)、低(di)碳建(jian)筑規模化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。大(da)力(li)推進“公轉(zhuan)鐵”、“公轉(zhuan)水”，加快(kuai)鐵路(lu)(lu)(lu)專用線(xian)建(jian)設，提升大(da)宗貨物(wu)清潔(jie)化(hua)運(yun)輸水平(ping)。推進鐵路(lu)(lu)(lu)場站、民(min)用機場、港(gang)(gang)口碼頭、物(wu)流園區等綠(lv)(lv)色化(hua)改(gai)造和(he)鐵路(lu)(lu)(lu)電氣化(hua)改(gai)造，推動超低(di)和(he)近零(ling)排放車(che)(che)輛規模化(hua)應用、非道路(lu)(lu)(lu)移動機械清潔(jie)低(di)碳應用。到(dao)2027年，新(xin)(xin)增汽車(che)(che)中(zhong)新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)汽車(che)(che)占(zhan)比力(li)爭達到(dao)45%，老舊內(nei)燃機車(che)(che)基(ji)(ji)本淘汰，港(gang)(gang)口集裝箱鐵水聯運(yun)量(liang)保(bao)(bao)持較(jiao)快(kuai)增長；到(dao)2035年，鐵路(lu)(lu)(lu)貨運(yun)周轉(zhuan)量(liang)占(zhan)總周轉(zhuan)量(liang)比例達到(dao)25%左右(you)。

（四）推動(dong)各類(lei)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)集約(yue)(yue)利用(yong)(yong)。實施全面(mian)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)戰略，推進(jin)(jin)(jin)節(jie)能、節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、節(jie)地(di)(di)、節(jie)材(cai)、節(jie)礦(kuang)。持續深(shen)化(hua)重點(dian)領域節(jie)能，加(jia)強新型基礎設施用(yong)(yong)能管理。深(shen)入實施國(guo)家(jia)節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)行動(dong)，強化(hua)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)總量和強度雙控(kong)，提升(sheng)重點(dian)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)行業(ye)、產(chan)品用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)效率，積極推動(dong)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)利用(yong)(yong)，加(jia)強非常規水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配置(zhi)利用(yong)(yong)。健(jian)全節(jie)約(yue)(yue)集約(yue)(yue)利用(yong)(yong)土地(di)(di)制(zhi)度，推廣(guang)節(jie)地(di)(di)技術和模式。建立綠(lv)色制(zhi)造體(ti)系和服(fu)務體(ti)系。開展資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)綜(zong)合(he)利用(yong)(yong)提質增效行動(dong)。加(jia)快(kuai)構建廢棄(qi)物循環利用(yong)(yong)體(ti)系，促進(jin)(jin)(jin)廢舊風機葉片、光伏組件、動(dong)力電池、快(kuai)遞包裝等廢棄(qi)物循環利用(yong)(yong)。推進(jin)(jin)(jin)原材(cai)料節(jie)約(yue)(yue)和資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)循環利用(yong)(yong)，大(da)力發展再制(zhi)造產(chan)業(ye)。全面(mian)推進(jin)(jin)(jin)綠(lv)色礦(kuang)山(shan)建設。到(dao)2035年，能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利用(yong)(yong)效率達到(dao)國(guo)際先進(jin)(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平。

四、持(chi)續深入推進污染防治(zhi)攻堅

（五）持(chi)續深入(ru)打好藍天(tian)保衛(wei)戰。以(yi)京津冀(ji)及(ji)周邊、長三角、汾(fen)渭平原等(deng)重點(dian)區(qu)域為主(zhu)戰場(chang)，以(yi)細顆(ke)(ke)粒(li)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)控(kong)制(zhi)為主(zhu)線，大力推(tui)進(jin)多(duo)污染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)協同(tong)減排(pai)。強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)揮(hui)發性有(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)綜(zong)合治理(li)，實(shi)(shi)施(shi)源(yuan)頭替代(dai)工程。高質量推(tui)進(jin)鋼(gang)鐵、水(shui)泥、焦化(hua)等(deng)重點(dian)行業及(ji)燃(ran)煤(mei)鍋爐(lu)超低排(pai)放改造。因地制(zhi)宜采(cai)取清(qing)潔(jie)能源(yuan)、集中供熱替代(dai)等(deng)措施(shi)，繼續推(tui)進(jin)散煤(mei)、燃(ran)煤(mei)鍋爐(lu)、工業爐(lu)窯污染(ran)治理(li)。重點(dian)區(qu)域持(chi)續實(shi)(shi)施(shi)煤(mei)炭消(xiao)費(fei)總量控(kong)制(zhi)。研究制(zhi)定下一階段機(ji)動(dong)車排(pai)放標準，開展新(xin)(xin)階段油品質量標準研究，強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)部(bu)門聯合監管執法。加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)區(qu)域聯防聯控(kong)，深化(hua)重污染(ran)天(tian)氣(qi)重點(dian)行業績效(xiao)分級(ji)。持(chi)續實(shi)(shi)施(shi)噪(zao)聲(sheng)污染(ran)防治行動(dong)。著力解(jie)決惡臭、餐飲油煙等(deng)污染(ran)問題。加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)消(xiao)耗臭氧層(ceng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質和(he)氫氟碳(tan)化(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)環境管理(li)。到2027年(nian)，全國細顆(ke)(ke)粒(li)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)平均(jun)濃度(du)下降到28微克/立(li)方米(mi)以(yi)下，各地級(ji)及(ji)以(yi)上城市力爭達標；到2035年(nian)，全國細顆(ke)(ke)粒(li)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)濃度(du)下降到25微克/立(li)方米(mi)以(yi)下，實(shi)(shi)現空(kong)氣(qi)常新(xin)(xin)、藍天(tian)常在。

（六(liu)）持(chi)續深入打好(hao)碧(bi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)保衛(wei)戰(zhan)。統籌水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環境(jing)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)態治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，深入推(tui)進長(chang)江(jiang)、黃河(he)等(deng)大江(jiang)大河(he)和(he)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)湖泊保護治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，優化(hua)(hua)調(diao)(diao)整水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)功能區劃(hua)及(ji)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)制度(du)。扎實推(tui)進水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地規(gui)范化(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)和(he)備用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地建(jian)設(she)(she)。基本(ben)完成(cheng)(cheng)入河(he)入海(hai)(hai)排污(wu)(wu)(wu)口排查(cha)整治(zhi)，全面(mian)建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)排污(wu)(wu)(wu)口監測監管(guan)體系。推(tui)行重(zhong)點行業企業污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)與排放(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)績效分級。加(jia)(jia)快補齊城鎮污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收集(ji)和(he)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)設(she)(she)施短板(ban)，建(jian)設(she)(she)城市污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)網全覆蓋樣板(ban)區，加(jia)(jia)強污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥無害化(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)(hua)利用，建(jian)設(she)(she)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)綠(lv)色低碳(tan)標(biao)桿廠。因(yin)地制宜開展內源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態修復，基本(ben)消除城鄉黑臭(chou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體并形成(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)效機(ji)制。建(jian)立水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)態考(kao)核機(ji)制，加(jia)(jia)強水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)涵(han)養(yang)區和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態緩(huan)沖(chong)帶保護修復，強化(hua)(hua)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)統一調(diao)(diao)度(du)，保障河(he)湖生(sheng)(sheng)態流量(liang)。堅(jian)持(chi)陸(lu)海(hai)(hai)統籌、河(he)海(hai)(hai)聯動，持(chi)續推(tui)進重(zhong)點海(hai)(hai)域綜(zong)合治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。以海(hai)(hai)灣(wan)為基本(ben)單(dan)元，“一灣(wan)一策”協同推(tui)進近(jin)岸海(hai)(hai)域污(wu)(wu)(wu)染防治(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)態保護修復和(he)岸灘環境(jing)整治(zhi)，不斷提升紅樹林等(deng)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)海(hai)(hai)洋生(sheng)(sheng)態系統質量(liang)和(he)穩定性。加(jia)(jia)強海(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)養(yang)殖環境(jing)整治(zhi)。積極應對藍藻水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)華、赤(chi)潮綠(lv)潮等(deng)生(sheng)(sheng)態災害。推(tui)進江(jiang)河(he)湖庫清漂和(he)海(hai)(hai)洋垃圾治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。到(dao)2027年，全國地表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質、近(jin)岸海(hai)(hai)域水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質優良比(bi)例分別達(da)到(dao)90%、83%左(zuo)(zuo)右，美麗(li)河(he)湖、美麗(li)海(hai)(hai)灣(wan)建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)率達(da)到(dao)40%左(zuo)(zuo)右；到(dao)2035年，“人水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)諧”美麗(li)河(he)湖、美麗(li)海(hai)(hai)灣(wan)基本(ben)建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)。

（七）持(chi)續深入(ru)打(da)好凈土(tu)(tu)保(bao)衛戰(zhan)。開(kai)展(zhan)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)源頭防(fang)控(kong)(kong)行(xing)動，嚴防(fang)新增污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)，逐步解決長期積累的土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)和(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水嚴重(zhong)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)問(wen)題。強(qiang)化優先保(bao)護類耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護，扎實(shi)推(tui)進(jin)受污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)安(an)(an)全(quan)利用和(he)風險(xian)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)，分階(jie)段推(tui)進(jin)農用地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)重(zhong)金(jin)屬污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)溯(su)源和(he)整(zheng)治(zhi)全(quan)覆蓋(gai)。依(yi)法加強(qiang)建(jian)設用地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)用途(tu)變更和(he)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)風險(xian)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)的聯動監(jian)管(guan)，推(tui)動大型(xing)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)場地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)風險(xian)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)和(he)修復。全(quan)面(mian)開(kai)展(zhan)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)監(jian)管(guan)單位周邊土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)和(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水環境(jing)監(jian)測(ce)，適時開(kai)展(zhan)第二次全(quan)國(guo)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)狀況普查(cha)。開(kai)展(zhan)全(quan)國(guo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)調查(cha)評價(jia)，強(qiang)化地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水型(xing)飲(yin)用水水源地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)環境(jing)保(bao)護，嚴控(kong)(kong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)防(fang)治(zhi)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)區環境(jing)風險(xian)。深入(ru)打(da)好農業農村污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)治(zhi)理攻堅戰(zhan)。到(dao)2027年，受污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)安(an)(an)全(quan)利用率達(da)到(dao)94%以上(shang)，建(jian)設用地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)安(an)(an)全(quan)利用得到(dao)有效保(bao)障(zhang)；到(dao)2035年，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水國(guo)控(kong)(kong)點(dian)(dian)位Ⅰ－Ⅳ類水比例達(da)到(dao)80%以上(shang)，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)環境(jing)風險(xian)得到(dao)全(quan)面(mian)管(guan)控(kong)(kong)。

（八）強(qiang)化(hua)固(gu)(gu)體廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物和新(xin)污染(ran)物治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)。加快“無(wu)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)城市(shi)”建(jian)設，持續推進新(xin)污染(ran)物治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)行動，推動實現城鄉“無(wu)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)”、環境(jing)健康。加強(qiang)固(gu)(gu)體廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物綜合治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)，限制(zhi)商品(pin)過度包裝，全(quan)鏈條治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)塑料污染(ran)。深化(hua)全(quan)面禁止“洋垃圾”入(ru)境(jing)工(gong)作，嚴防(fang)各種形式固(gu)(gu)體廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物走私和變相進口(kou)。強(qiang)化(hua)危險廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物監管(guan)和利用處置能(neng)力(li)，以長(chang)江(jiang)經濟帶、黃(huang)河流域(yu)等(deng)為重點加強(qiang)尾礦庫污染(ran)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)。制(zhi)定有毒有害化(hua)學物質環境(jing)風險管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)法規(gui)。到2027年(nian)，“無(wu)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)城市(shi)”建(jian)設比例(li)達到60%，固(gu)(gu)體廢(fei)(fei)(fei)物產生強(qiang)度明顯下降；到2035年(nian)，“無(wu)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)城市(shi)”建(jian)設實現全(quan)覆(fu)蓋(gai)，東部省份率先全(quan)域(yu)建(jian)成(cheng)“無(wu)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)城市(shi)”，新(xin)污染(ran)物環境(jing)風險得(de)到有效管(guan)控。

五、提(ti)升生態系統(tong)多(duo)樣性穩定(ding)性持續性

（九）筑牢自然(ran)(ran)(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)屏(ping)障(zhang)。穩(wen)(wen)固國家生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安(an)全(quan)屏(ping)障(zhang)，推進(jin)國家重點生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)功能區、重要生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)廊(lang)道保(bao)護(hu)建設。全(quan)面(mian)推進(jin)以國家公園為主(zhu)體(ti)的(de)自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)地體(ti)系建設，完成(cheng)全(quan)國自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)地整合優化(hua)。實施全(quan)國自然(ran)(ran)(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)資(zi)源監測(ce)評(ping)價(jia)預警工(gong)程。加(jia)強(qiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)護(hu)修(xiu)復(fu)監管制(zhi)度建設，強(qiang)化(hua)統(tong)一監管。嚴格對所有者(zhe)(zhe)、開發者(zhe)(zhe)乃至監管者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)監管，及時發現和查處各類生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)破壞事件(jian)，堅決杜絕(jue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)修(xiu)復(fu)中的(de)形式(shi)主(zhu)義。加(jia)強(qiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)狀(zhuang)況監測(ce)評(ping)估，開展生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)護(hu)修(xiu)復(fu)成(cheng)效評(ping)估。持續(xu)推進(jin)“綠盾”自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)地強(qiang)化(hua)監督(du)，建立生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)護(hu)紅線生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)破壞問(wen)題監督(du)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)。到2035年(nian)，國家公園體(ti)系基(ji)本建成(cheng)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統(tong)格局更(geng)加(jia)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)，展現美(mei)麗山川勃(bo)勃(bo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)機(ji)(ji)。

（十）實(shi)施(shi)山水(shui)(shui)林(lin)(lin)田(tian)湖草(cao)(cao)沙一(yi)體化(hua)(hua)(hua)保護(hu)和(he)系統治(zhi)理。加快(kuai)實(shi)施(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)要生態(tai)系統保護(hu)和(he)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)重(zhong)(zhong)大工程，推行草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)河(he)流湖泊濕(shi)地(di)休養(yang)生息(xi)。繼續(xu)實(shi)施(shi)山水(shui)(shui)林(lin)(lin)田(tian)湖草(cao)(cao)沙一(yi)體化(hua)(hua)(hua)保護(hu)和(he)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)工程。科學開展大規模(mo)國土(tu)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)行動(dong)，加大草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)和(he)濕(shi)地(di)保護(hu)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)力(li)(li)度，加強荒(huang)漠化(hua)(hua)(hua)、石漠化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)水(shui)(shui)土(tu)流失(shi)綜(zong)合治(zhi)理，全(quan)(quan)面實(shi)施(shi)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)可持續(xu)經營，加強森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)防(fang)滅火。聚(ju)焦影響北(bei)京等重(zhong)(zhong)點地(di)區的沙源地(di)及傳輸路徑，持續(xu)推進“三北(bei)”工程建(jian)設和(he)京津風沙源治(zhi)理，全(quan)(quan)力(li)(li)打好三大標志性戰(zhan)役。推進生態(tai)系統碳匯能力(li)(li)鞏固(gu)提升行動(dong)。到2035年，全(quan)(quan)國森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)覆蓋(gai)率提高至26%，水(shui)(shui)土(tu)保持率提高至75%，生態(tai)系統基本實(shi)現良(liang)性循環。

（十一）加強(qiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)。強(qiang)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)工作協(xie)調(diao)機制的統籌協(xie)調(diao)作用，落實(shi)“昆明－蒙特利爾(er)全(quan)球生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)框架”，更新(xin)中國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)戰略(lve)與行(xing)動(dong)(dong)計劃，實(shi)施生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)重(zhong)大工程(cheng)。健全(quan)全(quan)國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)網絡，全(quan)面(mian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)，逐步(bu)建(jian)立國(guo)家(jia)植物(wu)園(yuan)體系(xi)。深入(ru)推進長(chang)江(jiang)珍稀瀕危物(wu)種(zhong)拯救行(xing)動(dong)(dong)，繼續抓好長(chang)江(jiang)十年禁漁(yu)(yu)措(cuo)施落實(shi)。全(quan)面(mian)實(shi)施海洋伏季(ji)休(xiu)漁(yu)(yu)制度，建(jian)設(she)現代(dai)海洋牧場(chang)。到2035年，全(quan)國(guo)自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)地(di)陸域面(mian)積占陸域國(guo)土面(mian)積比例不低于18%，典(dian)型生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統、國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)及其(qi)棲息地(di)得到全(quan)面(mian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)。

六、守牢(lao)美(mei)麗中國建(jian)設安全(quan)底(di)線

（十二）健全國(guo)家(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)態安(an)(an)(an)全體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)。貫徹總體(ti)(ti)(ti)國(guo)家(jia)安(an)(an)(an)全觀，完善國(guo)家(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)態安(an)(an)(an)全工作(zuo)協(xie)調機制，加強與經濟(ji)安(an)(an)(an)全、資源(yuan)安(an)(an)(an)全等領(ling)域協(xie)作(zuo)，健全國(guo)家(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)態安(an)(an)(an)全法(fa)治(zhi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)、戰略體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)、政策體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)、應對(dui)管理體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)，提升國(guo)家(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)態安(an)(an)(an)全風險研判(pan)評估(gu)、監測(ce)預警、應急應對(dui)和處置能力(li)，形成全域聯動、立體(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)效的(de)國(guo)家(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)態安(an)(an)(an)全防護體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)。

（十三）確(que)保核與輻(fu)射(she)(she)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)。強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)國家核安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)工(gong)作協調機制統籌(chou)作用(yong)，構建(jian)嚴密的核安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)責任體系(xi)，全(quan)(quan)(quan)面提高核安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)能力(li)，建(jian)設與我國核事業發展相適應的現代化(hua)(hua)核安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)體系(xi)，推(tui)動核安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)高質量發展。強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)首堆新堆安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)，定(ding)期開展運行設施(shi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)評價并持續(xu)實施(shi)改進(jin)，加(jia)快老(lao)舊設施(shi)退役治理(li)和(he)歷史(shi)遺留放射(she)(she)性廢物(wu)處(chu)理(li)處(chu)置，加(jia)強(qiang)核技術利用(yong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)和(he)電(dian)磁輻(fu)射(she)(she)環境管(guan)理(li)。加(jia)強(qiang)我國管(guan)轄海域海洋輻(fu)射(she)(she)環境監(jian)(jian)測和(he)研(yan)究，提升風險預警監(jian)(jian)測和(he)應急響應能力(li)。堅持自主創新安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)發展，加(jia)強(qiang)核安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)領域關鍵(jian)性、基礎性科技研(yan)發和(he)智(zhi)能化(hua)(hua)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)。

（十四）加(jia)強(qiang)生物(wu)(wu)安全(quan)管(guan)理。加(jia)強(qiang)生物(wu)(wu)技術(shu)及其產品的環境(jing)風險檢測、識別(bie)、評(ping)(ping)價和監(jian)測。強(qiang)化全(quan)鏈條防(fang)控和系(xi)統治(zhi)理，健全(quan)生物(wu)(wu)安全(quan)監(jian)管(guan)預(yu)警防(fang)控體(ti)系(xi)。加(jia)強(qiang)有害生物(wu)(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)。開(kai)展(zhan)外來入侵物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)普查(cha)、監(jian)測預(yu)警、影響評(ping)(ping)估，加(jia)強(qiang)進境(jing)動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)檢疫和外來入侵物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)防(fang)控。健全(quan)種(zhong)質資(zi)源保(bao)護與利用體(ti)系(xi)，加(jia)強(qiang)生物(wu)(wu)遺傳資(zi)源保(bao)護和管(guan)理。

（十五）有效應(ying)對氣(qi)(qi)候變(bian)化(hua)不利影響和風險(xian)。堅持減緩和適(shi)應(ying)并重，大力提升(sheng)(sheng)適(shi)應(ying)氣(qi)(qi)候變(bian)化(hua)能力。加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)氣(qi)(qi)候變(bian)化(hua)觀測網絡建(jian)設(she)，強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)監測預(yu)測預(yu)警和影響風險(xian)評估。持續提升(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)業、健康和公(gong)共衛生等領(ling)域(yu)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)候韌性，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)(ji)礎設(she)施與重大工程氣(qi)(qi)候風險(xian)管理。深化(hua)氣(qi)(qi)候適(shi)應(ying)型城市(shi)建(jian)設(she)，推進(jin)海綿(mian)城市(shi)建(jian)設(she)，強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)區(qu)域(yu)適(shi)應(ying)氣(qi)(qi)候變(bian)化(hua)行(xing)動。到2035年，氣(qi)(qi)候適(shi)應(ying)型社(she)會基(ji)(ji)本建(jian)成。

（十六(liu)）嚴密防控環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)風(feng)險(xian)。堅持預防為(wei)主(zhu)，加(jia)強環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)風(feng)險(xian)常態(tai)化(hua)管理。完(wan)善(shan)國家環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)急體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)機制(zhi)，健(jian)全(quan)分(fen)級負責、屬地(di)為(wei)主(zhu)、部(bu)門(men)協同的(de)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)急責任(ren)體(ti)(ti)系，完(wan)善(shan)上下游、跨(kua)區域的(de)應(ying)急聯(lian)動機制(zhi)。強化(hua)危險(xian)廢物、尾礦庫、重(zhong)金屬等(deng)(deng)重(zhong)點領(ling)域以及管轄海域、邊境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)區等(deng)(deng)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)隱患排查和(he)風(feng)險(xian)防控。實施一(yi)批環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)急基礎能力建(jian)(jian)設工(gong)程，建(jian)(jian)立健(jian)全(quan)應(ying)急響應(ying)體(ti)(ti)系和(he)應(ying)急物資(zi)儲備體(ti)(ti)系，提升環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)急指揮(hui)信息化(hua)水平，及時妥善(shan)科(ke)學處(chu)置各類突發環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)事件(jian)。健(jian)全(quan)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)健(jian)康監測、調查和(he)風(feng)險(xian)評(ping)估制(zhi)度(du)。

七、打(da)造美麗(li)中國建設示(shi)范樣板

（十七）建設(she)(she)美(mei)麗中(zhong)國先(xian)行區(qu)(qu)(qu)。聚焦(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)協(xie)調發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)戰略和區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)重大(da)戰略，加(jia)強綠色發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)協(xie)作，打造綠色發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)高地(di)。完善京津(jin)冀地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境(jing)協(xie)同保護(hu)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，加(jia)快建設(she)(she)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境(jing)修復(fu)改善示范區(qu)(qu)(qu)，推動雄安(an)新(xin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)建設(she)(she)綠色發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)城市典范。在深(shen)入實施長江經濟帶發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)戰略中(zhong)堅持(chi)共抓大(da)保護(hu)，建設(she)(she)人與自然和諧共生(sheng)的綠色發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)示范帶。深(shen)化粵港(gang)澳大(da)灣區(qu)(qu)(qu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境(jing)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)規則(ze)銜接(jie)、機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)接(jie)，共建國際一(yi)(yi)流(liu)美(mei)麗灣區(qu)(qu)(qu)。深(shen)化長三角地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)共保聯治和一(yi)(yi)體化制(zhi)(zhi)度創新(xin)，高水(shui)(shui)平建設(she)(she)美(mei)麗長三角。堅持(chi)以(yi)水(shui)(shui)定(ding)城、以(yi)水(shui)(shui)定(ding)地(di)、以(yi)水(shui)(shui)定(ding)人、以(yi)水(shui)(shui)定(ding)產，建設(she)(she)黃河流(liu)域(yu)(yu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保護(hu)和高質量發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)先(xian)行區(qu)(qu)(qu)。深(shen)化國家生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文(wen)明試(shi)驗區(qu)(qu)(qu)建設(she)(she)。各地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)立足(zu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)功能定(ding)位，發(fa)揮自身(shen)特色，譜寫美(mei)麗中(zhong)國建設(she)(she)省域(yu)(yu)篇(pian)章。

（十八(ba)）建設美麗城市(shi)(shi)。堅(jian)持(chi)人民(min)城市(shi)(shi)人民(min)建、人民(min)城市(shi)(shi)為人民(min)，推(tui)進以綠(lv)色低碳、環(huan)境(jing)優美、生(sheng)態宜居(ju)、安全健康、智慧(hui)高效為導向(xiang)的美麗城市(shi)(shi)建設。提(ti)升城市(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)劃、建設、治(zhi)(zhi)理水(shui)平(ping)，實施城市(shi)(shi)更(geng)新行動(dong)，強化城際(ji)、城鄉(xiang)生(sheng)態共保(bao)環(huan)境(jing)共治(zhi)(zhi)。加快轉變超大(da)特大(da)城市(shi)(shi)發展(zhan)方式，提(ti)高大(da)中城市(shi)(shi)生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)治(zhi)(zhi)理效能(neng)，推(tui)動(dong)中小城市(shi)(shi)和縣城環(huan)境(jing)基礎設施提(ti)級擴能(neng)，促進環(huan)境(jing)公共服務能(neng)力與人口、經濟規(gui)(gui)模相適應。開展(zhan)城市(shi)(shi)生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)治(zhi)(zhi)理評估。

（十九(jiu)）建(jian)(jian)設美麗鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)。因地制(zhi)宜推(tui)廣浙江“千(qian)萬工程(cheng)”經驗(yan)，統籌推(tui)動鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)態(tai)振興和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)人居環(huan)境(jing)整(zheng)治。加(jia)快農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)投入品減量(liang)增效技(ji)術集成創新和(he)(he)推(tui)廣應用，加(jia)強農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)廢棄物資源化(hua)利(li)用和(he)(he)廢舊(jiu)農(nong)(nong)膜(mo)分類(lei)處置，聚(ju)焦農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)面源污染(ran)突出區域(yu)強化(hua)系統治理。扎實推(tui)進農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)廁所革命，有效治理農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)活污水、垃圾(ji)和(he)(he)黑臭(chou)水體(ti)。建(jian)(jian)立農(nong)(nong)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)監測評(ping)價制(zhi)度。科學(xue)推(tui)進鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)綠化(hua)美化(hua)，加(jia)強傳(chuan)統村(cun)(cun)落保護利(li)用和(he)(he)鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)風貌(mao)引導。到2027年，美麗鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)整(zheng)縣建(jian)(jian)成比例達到40%；到2035年，美麗鄉(xiang)村(cun)(cun)基本建(jian)(jian)成。

（二十）開展(zhan)創新(xin)示范(fan)(fan)。分類施策推(tui)進美(mei)(mei)麗(li)(li)城市(shi)建(jian)設(she)，實施美(mei)(mei)麗(li)(li)鄉村示范(fan)(fan)縣(xian)建(jian)設(she)行動(dong)，持續推(tui)廣美(mei)(mei)麗(li)(li)河湖(hu)、美(mei)(mei)麗(li)(li)海灣(wan)優(you)秀案(an)例(li)。推(tui)動(dong)將美(mei)(mei)麗(li)(li)中國建(jian)設(she)融入基層治理創新(xin)。深入推(tui)進生(sheng)態文(wen)明示范(fan)(fan)建(jian)設(she)，推(tui)動(dong)“綠水(shui)青山(shan)就是(shi)金山(shan)銀山(shan)”實踐創新(xin)基地建(jian)設(she)。鼓勵(li)自(zi)由(you)貿易試驗區綠色創新(xin)。支(zhi)持美(mei)(mei)麗(li)(li)中國建(jian)設(she)規(gui)劃(hua)政策等實踐創新(xin)。

八、開展(zhan)美麗中國建設全民行動

（二十(shi)一(yi)）培育(yu)弘揚生態(tai)文(wen)化(hua)。健(jian)全以(yi)生態(tai)價值觀念為(wei)準則的生態(tai)文(wen)化(hua)體系(xi)，培育(yu)生態(tai)文(wen)明主流價值觀，加快(kuai)形成全民(min)生態(tai)自覺(jue)。挖掘中(zhong)華優秀傳統生態(tai)文(wen)化(hua)思(si)想(xiang)和資源，推(tui)出(chu)一(yi)批生態(tai)文(wen)學精品力作，促進生態(tai)文(wen)化(hua)繁榮(rong)發展(zhan)。充分利用博物館(guan)、展(zhan)覽館(guan)、科教館(guan)等(deng)，宣(xuan)傳美麗中(zhong)國建設生動實踐。

（二十(shi)二）踐(jian)行(xing)綠色低(di)碳(tan)生活方式(shi)(shi)。倡(chang)導簡約適(shi)度、綠色低(di)碳(tan)、文明(ming)健康的生活方式(shi)(shi)和消費模式(shi)(shi)。發展(zhan)綠色旅(lv)游。持續推進(jin)“光盤行(xing)動(dong)”，堅決制(zhi)止餐飲(yin)浪費。鼓勵(li)綠色出行(xing)，推進(jin)城(cheng)市(shi)綠道網絡建設，深(shen)入實施城(cheng)市(shi)公共交通優先發展(zhan)戰略(lve)。深(shen)入開(kai)展(zhan)愛國衛(wei)生運動(dong)。提升(sheng)垃(la)圾分類(lei)管理水平，推進(jin)地(di)級及以(yi)上城(cheng)市(shi)居民(min)小(xiao)區垃(la)圾分類(lei)全覆蓋。構建綠色低(di)碳(tan)產品標(biao)準、認證、標(biao)識體(ti)系(xi)，探(tan)索(suo)建立“碳(tan)普惠”等(deng)公眾參與機制(zhi)。

（二十三）建(jian)(jian)立多元(yuan)參與行(xing)動(dong)(dong)體(ti)系(xi)。持續開展“美麗中國，我(wo)是行(xing)動(dong)(dong)者”系(xi)列活動(dong)(dong)。充(chong)分發揮行(xing)業協會商會橋梁紐帶(dai)作(zuo)用和群(qun)團組織廣泛動(dong)(dong)員(yuan)作(zuo)用，完善公(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)生態環境監督和舉報反饋機制，推進生態環境志愿服務體(ti)系(xi)建(jian)(jian)設。深(shen)化環保(bao)設施開放，向公(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)提供生態文明宣傳教育(yu)服務。

九(jiu)、健全美(mei)麗(li)中國(guo)建(jian)設保障(zhang)體系(xi)

（二十四）改革(ge)(ge)完(wan)善(shan)(shan)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。深(shen)化生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)文明體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改革(ge)(ge)，一體(ti)(ti)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)集成(cheng)、機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)創新。強化美麗(li)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)建(jian)設法治保障，推(tui)(tui)動生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)、資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等領域(yu)相關法律制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)修(xiu)訂(ding)，推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)法典編纂，完(wan)善(shan)(shan)公益訴訟，加(jia)(jia)強生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)領域(yu)司法保護(hu)，統籌(chou)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)損害賠償。加(jia)(jia)強行政執(zhi)法與(yu)司法協同合作(zuo)，強化在信(xin)(xin)(xin)息通報、形勢(shi)會(hui)商、證(zheng)據調取(qu)、糾紛(fen)化解、生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)修(xiu)復等方面銜接配合。構(gou)建(jian)從山(shan)頂(ding)到(dao)海洋的(de)保護(hu)治理(li)大格局，實施最嚴(yan)格的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)治理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。完(wan)善(shan)(shan)環(huan)(huan)評源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)頭預防管理(li)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，全面實行排(pai)污許可(ke)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，加(jia)(jia)快構(gou)建(jian)環(huan)(huan)保信(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)監管體(ti)(ti)系(xi)。深(shen)化環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息依(yi)(yi)法披露(lu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)改革(ge)(ge)，探索開展(zhan)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)、社會(hui)和公司治理(li)評價。完(wan)善(shan)(shan)自然(ran)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)產管理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，健全國(guo)(guo)土空間用(yong)途管制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。強化河湖長制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、林長制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。深(shen)入(ru)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)領導干部(bu)自然(ran)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)資(zi)產離任審計，對不顧生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)盲(mang)目決策、造成(cheng)嚴(yan)重后果的(de)，依(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)依(yi)(yi)紀(ji)依(yi)(yi)法嚴(yan)格問責(ze)、終身追責(ze)。強化國(guo)(guo)家自然(ran)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)督察。充分發揮生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)部(bu)門職能(neng)作(zuo)用(yong)，強化對生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)的(de)統籌(chou)協調和監督管理(li)。深(shen)化省(sheng)以下生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)機構(gou)監測監察執(zhi)法垂直管理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)改革(ge)(ge)。實施市縣生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)隊(dui)伍專業培訓(xun)工程。加(jia)(jia)快推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)美麗(li)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)建(jian)設重點領域(yu)標(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)(gui)范制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)修(xiu)訂(ding)，開展(zhan)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)基準(zhun)研究，適時修(xiu)訂(ding)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)空氣質(zhi)量(liang)等標(biao)準(zhun)，鼓勵出臺地方性(xing)法規(gui)(gui)標(biao)準(zhun)。

（二(er)十五(wu)）強(qiang)化(hua)激(ji)勵政(zheng)策。健(jian)(jian)全(quan)(quan)資(zi)源環(huan)境(jing)要素市(shi)(shi)場化(hua)配置體(ti)系，把碳(tan)排放權(quan)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)能(neng)權(quan)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)權(quan)、排污權(quan)等納(na)入要素市(shi)(shi)場化(hua)配置改革總盤(pan)子。強(qiang)化(hua)稅(shui)收政(zheng)策支(zhi)持，嚴格執行(xing)環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)稅(shui)法，完(wan)善征收體(ti)系，加快把揮發性有機(ji)物納(na)入征收范(fan)圍。加強(qiang)清潔(jie)生(sheng)(sheng)產審核和評價(jia)認(ren)證結果應用(yong)(yong)(yong)。綜合(he)考(kao)慮企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)能(neng)耗、環(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)績(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)水(shui)(shui)平，完(wan)善高耗能(neng)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)階梯電價(jia)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。落(luo)實污水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理收費政(zheng)策，構(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)覆(fu)蓋污水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理和污泥處(chu)置成本并合(he)理盈(ying)利的(de)收費機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。完(wan)善以農業(ye)(ye)綠(lv)色發展(zhan)為導向的(de)經濟激(ji)勵政(zheng)策，支(zhi)持化(hua)肥農藥(yao)減量增效(xiao)(xiao)和整縣推(tui)進(jin)畜禽糞污收集(ji)處(chu)理利用(yong)(yong)(yong)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)立企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)提取使用(yong)(yong)(yong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)。健(jian)(jian)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)產品(pin)價(jia)值實現機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，推(tui)進(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)導向的(de)開發模式(shi)和投融(rong)資(zi)模式(shi)創新。推(tui)進(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)綜合(he)補(bu)償，深化(hua)橫向生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)補(bu)償機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)。強(qiang)化(hua)財政(zheng)對美麗(li)中國建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)支(zhi)持力度(du)(du)，優化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)領域財政(zheng)資(zi)源配置，確保(bao)(bao)(bao)投入規模同建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)任(ren)務相匹(pi)配。大(da)力發展(zhan)綠(lv)色金融(rong)，支(zhi)持符合(he)條件(jian)的(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)發行(xing)綠(lv)色債券，引導各類(lei)金融(rong)機(ji)構(gou)和社會資(zi)本加大(da)投入，探索區域性環(huan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)項目(mu)金融(rong)支(zhi)持模式(shi)，穩步推(tui)進(jin)氣候投融(rong)資(zi)創新，為美麗(li)中國建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)提供(gong)融(rong)資(zi)支(zhi)持。

（二十六(liu)）加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)支(zhi)(zhi)撐。推(tui)進(jin)(jin)綠(lv)色(se)低碳科技(ji)(ji)(ji)自立(li)自強(qiang)，創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境科技(ji)(ji)(ji)體制(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)，構建市(shi)場(chang)導(dao)向的綠(lv)色(se)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)體系(xi)。把減(jian)污(wu)(wu)降碳、多污(wu)(wu)染物(wu)(wu)協同減(jian)排、應(ying)對(dui)氣候(hou)變化、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多樣性保(bao)護、新(xin)(xin)污(wu)(wu)染物(wu)(wu)治(zhi)理、核安全等(deng)(deng)作為(wei)國(guo)家基礎研究和(he)(he)科技(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)的重點領(ling)(ling)域，加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)關(guan)鍵核心(xin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)攻關(guan)。加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)企業主導(dao)的產學(xue)研深度(du)融合(he)，引導(dao)企業、高(gao)校(xiao)、科研單位共建一批綠(lv)色(se)低碳產業創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)中心(xin)，加(jia)(jia)大高(gao)效綠(lv)色(se)環(huan)保(bao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)裝備產品供給。實(shi)施(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境科技(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)重大行(xing)動，推(tui)進(jin)(jin)“科技(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)2030－京津冀(ji)環(huan)境綜合(he)治(zhi)理”重大項(xiang)目，建設(she)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境領(ling)(ling)域大科學(xue)裝置和(he)(he)重點實(shi)驗(yan)室、工程技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)中心(xin)、科學(xue)觀測研究站等(deng)(deng)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)平臺。加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明(ming)領(ling)(ling)域智庫建設(she)。支(zhi)(zhi)持高(gao)校(xiao)和(he)(he)科研單位加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)環(huan)境學(xue)科建設(she)。實(shi)施(shi)高(gao)層(ceng)次生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境科技(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)才(cai)工程，培養(yang)造就一支(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)水平生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境人(ren)才(cai)隊伍(wu)。

（二十七）加(jia)快數(shu)(shu)字賦能(neng)。深化(hua)(hua)(hua)人工智能(neng)等數(shu)(shu)字技術應用，構建(jian)美(mei)麗中國數(shu)(shu)字化(hua)(hua)(hua)治理體(ti)系，建(jian)設(she)綠色智慧的數(shu)(shu)字生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)文明(ming)。實施生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境信(xin)息化(hua)(hua)(hua)工程，加(jia)強數(shu)(shu)據資(zi)源集成共享和(he)綜合(he)開發利用。加(jia)快建(jian)立現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境監測(ce)體(ti)系，健全天空地海一體(ti)化(hua)(hua)(hua)監測(ce)網(wang)絡，加(jia)強生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)質(zhi)量監督監測(ce)，推進生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境衛(wei)星(xing)載荷研發。加(jia)強溫室氣(qi)體(ti)、地下水、新污染物(wu)、噪聲、海洋、輻射、農村(cun)環(huan)境等監測(ce)能(neng)力建(jian)設(she)，實現(xian)降碳、減污、擴綠協同監測(ce)全覆蓋。提升生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境質(zhi)量預測(ce)預報水平。實施國家環(huan)境守法(fa)行動，實行排污單(dan)位分類(lei)執法(fa)監管，大(da)力推行非現(xian)場執法(fa)，加(jia)快形成智慧執法(fa)體(ti)系。

（二十八）實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)大工程(cheng)。加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)減(jian)污(wu)降碳(tan)協同工程(cheng)，支(zhi)持能(neng)源結構低碳(tan)化(hua)、移動(dong)源清(qing)潔化(hua)、重(zhong)(zhong)點行業(ye)綠色化(hua)、工業(ye)園區循環(huan)化(hua)轉(zhuan)型等(deng)。加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)環(huan)境品質(zhi)提升工程(cheng)，支(zhi)持重(zhong)(zhong)點領域污(wu)染減(jian)排、重(zhong)(zhong)要河湖(hu)海(hai)灣綜合治(zhi)理(li)、土壤(rang)污(wu)染源頭防控、危險廢(fei)物環(huan)境風(feng)險防控、新污(wu)染物治(zhi)理(li)等(deng)。加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生態(tai)保護修復工程(cheng)，支(zhi)持生物多樣性保護、重(zhong)(zhong)點地(di)區防沙治(zhi)沙、水土流失綜合防治(zhi)等(deng)。加(jia)(jia)(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)代化(hua)生態(tai)環(huan)境基礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建設(she)工程(cheng)，支(zhi)持城(cheng)鄉和園區環(huan)境設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、生態(tai)環(huan)境智慧感知(zhi)和監(jian)測執法應急、核與輻射安全監(jian)管等(deng)。

（二(er)十九）共(gong)謀全(quan)球生態(tai)文明建(jian)(jian)設。堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)人類命(ming)運共(gong)同體理(li)(li)念，共(gong)建(jian)(jian)清潔(jie)美麗(li)世界。堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)共(gong)同但有區(qu)別的責任原則，推動構建(jian)(jian)公(gong)平合理(li)(li)、合作(zuo)共(gong)贏的全(quan)球環境氣(qi)候治理(li)(li)體系(xi)。深化應對氣(qi)候變化、生物多樣性(xing)保護、海洋污染治理(li)(li)、核安全(quan)等領域國際合作(zuo)。持(chi)(chi)續推動共(gong)建(jian)(jian)“一(yi)帶一(yi)路”綠色發(fa)展。

十(shi)、加強黨的全面領導(dao)

（三十）加(jia)強組(zu)織領(ling)導(dao)。堅持(chi)和(he)加(jia)強黨對美麗中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)建(jian)設(she)的(de)全(quan)面(mian)領(ling)導(dao)，完善(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)央統籌、省負總(zong)責(ze)、市縣(xian)抓落(luo)實(shi)(shi)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)機(ji)(ji)制。充分(fen)發揮(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)央生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護(hu)督察(cha)工(gong)作(zuo)領(ling)導(dao)小組(zu)統籌協調和(he)指導(dao)督促作(zuo)用，健全(quan)工(gong)作(zuo)機(ji)(ji)制，加(jia)強組(zu)織實(shi)(shi)施。研究(jiu)制定(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護(hu)督察(cha)工(gong)作(zuo)條例。深(shen)入推(tui)進(jin)(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)央生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護(hu)督察(cha)，將美麗中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)建(jian)設(she)情況(kuang)作(zuo)為督察(cha)重(zhong)點。持(chi)續拍攝(she)制作(zuo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)警示片。制定(ding)地方黨政領(ling)導(dao)干部生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護(hu)責(ze)任(ren)制規定(ding)，建(jian)立(li)覆蓋全(quan)面(mian)、權(quan)責(ze)一致(zhi)、獎(jiang)懲分(fen)明(ming)、環(huan)環(huan)相扣的(de)責(ze)任(ren)體系。各(ge)(ge)地區(qu)各(ge)(ge)部門要把美麗中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)建(jian)設(she)作(zuo)為事關全(quan)局(ju)的(de)重(zhong)大(da)任(ren)務來(lai)抓，落(luo)實(shi)(shi)“黨政同責(ze)、一崗雙責(ze)”，及(ji)時研究(jiu)解決重(zhong)大(da)問題。各(ge)(ge)級(ji)人大(da)及(ji)其(qi)常委會加(jia)強生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)建(jian)設(she)立(li)法(fa)(fa)工(gong)作(zuo)和(he)法(fa)(fa)律實(shi)(shi)施監督。各(ge)(ge)級(ji)政協加(jia)大(da)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)建(jian)設(she)專題協商和(he)民主監督力度(du)(du)。各(ge)(ge)地區(qu)各(ge)(ge)有關部門推(tui)進(jin)(jin)美麗中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)建(jian)設(she)年(nian)度(du)(du)工(gong)作(zuo)情況(kuang)，書面(mian)送生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)部，由(you)其(qi)匯總(zong)后向黨中(zhong)(zhong)央、國(guo)務院報(bao)告。

（三十(shi)一）壓實工(gong)作(zuo)責任(ren)。生(sheng)(sheng)態環境部(bu)會同(tong)國家(jia)發展(zhan)改革委(wei)等有(you)關(guan)部(bu)門制定(ding)(ding)分領(ling)域行動(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)案(an)，建(jian)立(li)工(gong)作(zuo)協(xie)調機(ji)制，加快(kuai)形成美麗(li)中(zhong)國建(jian)設(she)實施體系和(he)(he)推進落(luo)實機(ji)制，推動(dong)(dong)(dong)任(ren)務項目化(hua)、清單化(hua)、責任(ren)化(hua)，加強統(tong)籌協(xie)調、調度評估和(he)(he)監督(du)管理。各(ge)級黨(dang)委(wei)和(he)(he)政府要強化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)態環境保護政治(zhi)責任(ren)，分類(lei)施策、分區治(zhi)理，精(jing)細化(hua)建(jian)設(she)。省（自治(zhi)區、直轄市）黨(dang)委(wei)和(he)(he)政府應當結合(he)地方(fang)實際及時制定(ding)(ding)配(pei)套文件。各(ge)有(you)關(guan)部(bu)門要加強工(gong)作(zuo)銜(xian)接，把握好節奏(zou)和(he)(he)力度，協(xie)調推進、相(xiang)互帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)，強化(hua)對美麗(li)中(zhong)國建(jian)設(she)重大工(gong)程的(de)財稅、金融、價格等政策支(zhi)持。

（三(san)十二(er)）強化(hua)(hua)宣傳推廣。持續(xu)深(shen)化(hua)(hua)習(xi)近平生態(tai)文明思想理論研(yan)究(jiu)、學習(xi)宣傳、制(zhi)度創新、實踐推廣和國(guo)(guo)際傳播，推進生態(tai)文明教(jiao)(jiao)育納入干部教(jiao)(jiao)育、黨員教(jiao)(jiao)育、國(guo)(guo)民教(jiao)(jiao)育體系。通過全國(guo)(guo)生態(tai)日、環境日等多種形式加強生態(tai)文明宣傳。發布美麗(li)中國(guo)(guo)建設(she)白(bai)皮書。按照有關規定表(biao)彰在美麗(li)中國(guo)(guo)建設(she)中成績(ji)顯著、貢獻突出的先進單位(wei)和個人。

（三十三）開展(zhan)成(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)考(kao)(kao)核(he)。開展(zhan)美(mei)麗(li)中(zhong)(zhong)國監測評(ping)價，實(shi)施美(mei)麗(li)中(zhong)(zhong)國建設(she)進(jin)程評(ping)估。研究建立美(mei)麗(li)中(zhong)(zhong)國建設(she)成(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)考(kao)(kao)核(he)指標(biao)體系，制定美(mei)麗(li)中(zhong)(zhong)國建設(she)成(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)考(kao)(kao)核(he)辦法，適時將(jiang)污染防治(zhi)攻堅戰成(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)考(kao)(kao)核(he)過渡到(dao)美(mei)麗(li)中(zhong)(zhong)國建設(she)成(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)考(kao)(kao)核(he)，考(kao)(kao)核(he)工作由(you)中(zhong)(zhong)央生態環境保護督察工作領(ling)導小組牽頭組織(zhi)，考(kao)(kao)核(he)結果作為各(ge)級領(ling)導班(ban)子和有關領(ling)導干部綜合考(kao)(kao)核(he)評(ping)價、獎懲任免的重要參(can)考(kao)(kao)。