節能減排“十二五”污水資源化是出路
2012-09-05 679 中國節能服務網 編輯:sam
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近日,國務院發(fa)布《“十(shi)二五(wu)”規(gui)劃(hua)》(以下簡(jian)稱《規(gui)劃(hua)》)。《規(gui)劃(hua)》指出,“十(shi)二五(wu)”期間,將(jiang)在“十(shi)一(yi)五(wu)”新增城鎮(zhen)(zhen)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)日處(chu)理(li)(li)能(neng)力6500萬噸、城市(shi)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)率達(da)到(dao)77%基礎上(shang),進一(yi)步(bu)加強(qiang)城鎮(zhen)(zhen)生活污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)設(she)施建設(she),到(dao)2015年,城市(shi)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處(chu)理(li)(li)率和污(wu)泥無害化處(chu)置率分(fen)別達(da)到(dao)85%和70%。
提高城鎮污水處理能力
《規劃(hua)》指出,“十二五(wu)”期間(jian)將加強城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)環境(jing)基(ji)(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)建設(she),以(yi)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)污(wu)水(shui)處理設(she)施(shi)及配(pei)套(tao)管(guan)網(wang)建設(she)、現(xian)有設(she)施(shi)升級改造(zao)、污(wu)泥處理處置設(she)施(shi)建設(she)為(wei)重點,提升脫氮除(chu)磷(lin)能力(li)。到2015年,城(cheng)市污(wu)水(shui)處理率和(he)污(wu)泥無(wu)害(hai)化處置率分別(bie)達到85%和(he)70%,縣城(cheng)污(wu)水(shui)處理率達到70%,基(ji)(ji)本實現(xian)每個縣和(he)重點建制鎮(zhen)(zhen)建成污(wu)水(shui)集中處理設(she)施(shi),全國城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)污(wu)水(shui)處理廠(chang)再生水(shui)利用率達到15%以(yi)上(shang)。
同時(shi)(shi)《規劃(hua)》指出,“十二五(wu)”時(shi)(shi)期(qi)將新(xin)(xin)建配套管網16萬公里,新(xin)(xin)增(zeng)污水日(ri)處理能(neng)力(li)(li)4200萬噸(dun),升級改造污水日(ri)處理能(neng)力(li)(li)2600萬噸(dun),新(xin)(xin)增(zeng)再生水利(li)用(yong)能(neng)力(li)(li)2700萬噸(dun)/日(ri)。
目前(qian),全(quan)國各地正(zheng)積極開展城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)廠(chang)和污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)網(wang)建(jian)(jian)設(she),加快(kuai)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)廠(chang)的(de)提標改造(zao),提高(gao)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)能力。今(jin)年(nian)7月,《河北省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)“十二(er)五(wu)”城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)及再生(sheng)利用(yong)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)規劃(hua)》發布,指出將全(quan)面提升污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)速度(du),提高(gao)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)運行管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平。到(dao)(dao)(dao)2015年(nian),全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)率達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)85%,城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)再生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利用(yong)率達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)30%;設(she)市(shi)城(cheng)市(shi)污(wu)(wu)泥無害化處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)率達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)70%,縣城(cheng)及建(jian)(jian)制(zhi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)30%。目前(qian)河南省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)正(zheng)式投(tou)入運營(ying)的(de)城(cheng)市(shi)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)廠(chang)共計148座,建(jian)(jian)成規模645.55萬(wan)噸(dun)/日(ri),建(jian)(jian)成污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)配套管(guan)(guan)網(wang)4352.58公里,省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)政府(fu)將加快(kuai)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)網(wang)建(jian)(jian)設(she),及時開展并總結推廣(guang)污(wu)(wu)泥處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)處(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)工(gong)程建(jian)(jian)設(she),加強(qiang)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)運營(ying)監管(guan)(guan)。吉林省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、山西省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)等(deng)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)也分別加快(kuai)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)廠(chang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)進(jin)度(du)和城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)網(wang)建(jian)(jian)設(she)。
我國(guo)(guo)城鎮污(wu)水(shui)(shui)規(gui)劃(hua)指出(chu),“十二五”期間,全國(guo)(guo)城鎮污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理(li)(li)及再生利(li)用設施建設規(gui)劃(hua)投資(zi)近4300億元;將(jiang)進(jin)一步研究完善污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理(li)(li)收(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei)政(zheng)策(ce),按照保障污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理(li)(li)運營(ying)單位保本(ben)(ben)微利(li)的(de)原則,逐步提高(gao)噸水(shui)(shui)平均收(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei)標準;研究將(jiang)污(wu)泥處理(li)(li)成本(ben)(ben)逐步納(na)入污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理(li)(li)成本(ben)(ben)并納(na)入繳費(fei)(fei)范圍;積極吸收(shou)(shou)各(ge)類社會資(zi)本(ben)(ben),促進(jin)投資(zi)主體與融資(zi)渠道的(de)多(duo)元化(hua)。
資源化利用是出路
“2012(第六屆(jie))水(shui)業(ye)高級技(ji)術(shu)論(lun)壇(tan)(tan)”市政污(wu)水(shui)技(ji)術(shu)深度(du)論(lun)壇(tan)(tan)上,人(ren)民大學環境學院副院長王洪(hong)臣(chen)指出,城市污(wu)水(shui)處理(li)發展的(de)四(si)大方向是“提升(sheng)水(shui)質、低碳處理(li)、開發能源、回收資源”。我國(guo)各地正在逐步(bu)推進(jin)污(wu)水(shui)和(he)污(wu)泥的(de)無害化處理(li)和(he)資源化利(li)用。
“十二五”期間,天(tian)津(jin)將(jiang)實(shi)施清(qing)水工程和(he)再(zai)生水回用(yong)(yong)(yong)工程,到2015年,城鎮污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水處(chu)理(li)率達(da)到90%以上,中心城區及濱海新區污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)處(chu)置(zhi)無(wu)害化(hua)(hua)達(da)到100%,城鎮污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水處(chu)理(li)廠(chang)平均負荷率達(da)到80%,污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水再(zai)生利用(yong)(yong)(yong)率不低于30%。五年前,蘇州市區就已全部實(shi)現污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)無(wu)害化(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)。而隨著城鄉污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)處(chu)理(li)項目(mu)的(de)增多,原(yuan)有無(wu)害化(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)能力已遠(yuan)遠(yuan)不夠。蘇州正在嘗(chang)試污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)的(de)肥料化(hua)(hua),與熱電廠(chang)等單位合(he)作(zuo),實(shi)現污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)干化(hua)(hua)后焚(fen)燒(shao),利用(yong)(yong)(yong)熱電廠(chang)自身優勢,將(jiang)低品位蒸汽(qi)作(zuo)為(wei)熱源干化(hua)(hua)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni),并(bing)通(tong)過循(xun)環流(liu)化(hua)(hua)床(chuang)鍋爐,將(jiang)干化(hua)(hua)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)進行焚(fen)燒(shao)處(chu)置(zhi),積極探索資源循(xun)環利用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)道路。
《規劃(hua)》還指(zhi)出,要加強政策落實(shi)和(he)引導,鼓(gu)勵采用合同能源管(guan)理實(shi)施節能改造,推動城鎮污水(shui)的環保設施社會化(hua)、專業化(hua)運營,促進污水(shui)和(he)污泥處理處置的產業化(hua)發展。